ɱ()   
  
ʱ׷꣬ɱ⡣ 
˭֣˭ 
Ш 
ģҹʱЪ¸ڡ 
һߵ˳У¥洰뿪һ¸߹ҳգ¹бݣӳеԵⱻ΢紵ҡҷڶűԵϣͶһұӰ 
жһɫӵЦˣ˰ֽݵǰ 
⣬쳾ʮԼ˫޾㱾һҪ⡣ 
е˵޷ǹҪҲںһΡ 
㼴Ѿʹֽɡ 
չֽԾıʷԾȻֽϡ 
ص㣺ĽҶɽׯ 
ɱĽݾ 
ޣһ 
 
ĽݾҶɽׯӣժ¥¥ʮֽϸʽ켲Ѫȡ֮ͨ壬Ʒƣϲ޹̶֮Ů顣ժ¥Ӫ˿֯⣬Ϊ͢£Ϊʵ۰ڵط֮̽¥Ƽĸձҩҽ佻ͨҩĶ짷硣ĽٰƷ˾һʡȨĽǰ빬Ϊ 
пֽյԣһźת˲Ʈأڻҽ 
΢ЦȰԭ˰ɣ 
ɫߺ˫ȴǲ˿ĵ⡣ûʲôͬǸˡ 
ȴ˶ҪĶҲڻء 
泰Ц˿Ӳ֪Էͷ 
ȪսʮǸͲҵĶ֣ 
ҶĶȤҪ 
˰һƱ˹ȥ 
һƽ³ɺһ򡣡 
нӹ뻳ʵΪô˵һ㹻 
ʼ硣ֻ֪κʱ򶼲С 
вٶ˵Ծתۼʧޱɫ֮С 
ü̾˿Ϊʲôÿ˶ϲ¸¥ߵģġ 
Ȥضѳɻҽֽš 
쳾ɱѳɱѽĽݾִӴ˿㿪ʼת 
쳾ɣֻҪ㻹쳾УӲ쳾֯׷ɱ 
ʱ׷꣬ɱ⣡ 
Ϊֹ˴ĽݾǷǸ⣿ 
1 
ǶʮӣúˣǮӴ⺢ӱ϶޹ϵ 
ҿǰúܷʺܸϰװ׵Ķ˵һۣŵĶǷǳϲ˷ܵĹâҼǵǰõ˸ԴǮͶϤĹ⣬е㺦£ᳶһ½ 
 
ѽ𳳣æأ⺢ӣҲл 
ҿֱסװ׵СʯͷţʯͷÿֲͷĻԳ伢 
ǸϰһְҴק˳ѵ˵ţӽͲСˡǩĽݼңͽĽСɣס𣿡 
ҲǮСɺĽСɵҲʲôϰ˵ʱǷһһĴЩ£˦ֶ֣㵽󣬽קס½ǻȥɣöˣҺ¡ 
ҵһνǣ˵ҽҳԵģûмţȴֱӴһΧǽ£Ȼͼλϰ壬ҺܾƵģץҿ˰죬˵˾䣺ô꣬Щǲˣ񳤵м񡭡 
ǼҺȻǰԴСʱС̵ 
Ҿ֪ƭ˵ģкóԺĶǵܵǵķݣĻֵң 
ҲҪҲҪСˡ 
ԽԽ˵ֵ˵˾ʲôһѰҴ˳ƨһСӣôڰ׬ʲôԣٳŲҳ㣿 
졣ǵüǰ͵˵ܵʣļŹӴ򣬺ʹģҲٰһΣǵĴƻǻŵòҶֻͷۡ 
ǰһֱûۣڸϰ˵϶ǮѾˣӾĽݼҵˣмӣҶ֣ 
ۣ˧̶ԸϰӡĹۣһη˳ֵʵҲͦÿ 
ٿҡ 
Ǯ 
ŵ߶µֱͷΪûأʵֻǷɿıܣ˵ܣû뵽ܵôһû֮ǰѿǵӰ 
ʶغһǰ˼ȥٸ˵仰ҼﻹǺܲģᶯִ 
ϰקסҵ֡ 
ɵӣѾˣԺͲĽݼʲôãжأ㻹ɵ 
ˣѵҾֵСʯͷǮֹһ䣬еɥСʯͷҲӦöӼ 
ߣǽӣ㹻ĻˣҲĽݼң˱ĵطһҲ׬ 
ǰɣԭôˡ 
Ȼô˸ҪңҪٵȼ꣬ٳ߳Щ˵üǮء 
ϰ塭ûзԣͷŷཱུĴͰ͵ʣһθİ˵һеš 
Ȼ֪ԼСˣﵹû̫ѹ֪ΪʲôҵӡǺģоֻдͰΪҵĶӾĺö 
ϰЦ߽һȴţ߱˵˵ɵ㻹ɵĽݸзԣк·µ׻ʮǮ㻨Ķĺ£ҪǿأҪʡףֲõˣ㳤üĿģôǸɵӣѹﲻҪ㡣 
ϰһƭˣйܳԹסǮĵطȻЩɵ 
ϰߵúܿ죬ҼĽŲôһСƵĸԱߣҪѵ 
Уϰ壬ƺҿɵֻǸܼңĽǮǮˡ 
Ǯ壬ʲôйܼң 
ܼңǹһµˡ 
ޡƶǶص˵ͷ 
Ǯ忴һ֪ۡ˵Ҳϲôࡣ 
ҾǲʵȻԺǲ 
֮ŷǺô·öʯ̳ɵС˸ֻݣֻʶһڽڳбҶӵǴĶǼûĲľϧźеĻݶǿݻƵģ˴һῪúܺÿ⻹кöôʯͷɵļɽ͵͵룬ſèèĻһܺ档 
Զкܶറ߸ߵĸ¥ݵúܸ߹ӣĽһǮҷָһȣԼǰסĵطСѶ㲻ϡ 
Ǯڳ´ȥҵͷҪתˡż˾ʱͣǮ񣬿Ǯȴֻ΢΢һŲͣһ£ǮλһܸߣԽǮ磬ֵҲÿɰ 
ӽڳæɻˡҲûʲô£޷ǾˣϴˣʲôģҿСҲɲػ 
һ˵òôȻݵûʲôһ㶼ǰڼʱÿ첻ˡ뱻Ǯ忴æ˵ҡ 
Ǯ˦ָһ£ʲôҲҵģҪūţԺҪǰҵĻҪӵģ 
һĵòۣǮƻҸе̧ͷʵǲūţ 
ǮЦ㻹ǴҪȥҡ֣ԳūšסˣһҪ 
ǳ˰֮⣬᲻᲻ԣʵҲں£ڼﾭ򣬿ϰˣ̾ͿԹȥǶӵĸоǺܡ 
Ǯ岻ȴȻǸɵӣ֪ԡ 
˵ŻǴһţӭҴ߹һˣΪǮߵúܼûɲסţôһͷײǸ˵ĻС 
ʹűײʹ̧ͷ 
ׯԲ𣬶Բûо˼ңǮƺû뵽ˣʱɫһߣǸǸ 
ׯǮλҪء 
2С 
ҶǮ͵ۿȥȻǺϵһŶʮҵͣһɫĳۣмػɫЩҰ׵޽Ǻͺ룬Ũüбüӥ۾˿˫۾ضңŵæͷٿ 
ֻһʣ⺢ô£ 
ׯĻǸСͯеɵʲôײׯ 
ûʲôǸ 
ףܺ˵ء 
ķ̲ס̧ͷ˭֪˫ӥ۾ڶƣͺڶһֻ׷ЩëִƤ񲻾ɨǴںɫµƣ֪ǲǿˣúںڵĶһ¡ 
ǰǰһúýġǮ˵ׯߺáͷһ򣬱Ǯ尴Դȥ 
̧ͷҿԿׯĽǰȥֱˣǮɿҵ֡ððʧʧģҿׯҪӣǿܵġ 
ׯͻȻ 
ʹĺʵׯׯӵ𣿡 
ǰҲǺܱǮһ䣬ֵͷסĵطׯô֣СôûʲôѵҼǴˣ 
֪ǮһֹʲôҾֻǲͷ 
ѵǮŲһ۵˭֪ôôҾǺһֱԭתȦΪôߣΧľﶼһģ᲻ǮڹңҾһ׶ûǡ 
ס㣬ףԣĵҲ֪ˣֺܺŵǶף˻þ 
ȴԽԽŨȻǮһǰͣ˵ûð˼·Ͱ׳Ҫǿ治㡣ˣĳҲˡ 
ܹҪһ첻ԷϼȦԣ 
ƫͷǮ塣Ǯ壬һ㶼ϣҾ˧ 
Ǯһ£ȻشЦϵһġ 
СҲ̫ɵ֪˵л 
ǰҾǾǮľȻܵô죬Ǻ˧ΪǿԼû˵ѣͿĸϼϿһֵֺɫǮԳǺģϱףȻɫۣҼֱһʺбŷཱུϡ 
ꡭ͵͵ЦתȥһҸͷ࣬һµкվﻹŸ̡ĺ㣬üëģ۾ģˮڵͷ٣ԹԵӣ̶˺øС 
Ǯ壬˵ҪæǸӣǸ׳աͯ۽Ƴһۣм˵ 
һңҶĺøжȶʱײ㣬Ҳ۽Ƴһ۵ҲŲ׳ģһɻ 
ͯŴ죬漴ЦֱЦŶӶǮ˵Ǯ壬Ļ 
Ǯһ޿κε񡣡ڸＱˣҿ⺢ӱǱ˵㣬ЩǳĻܸɣߡȻת˵С࣬˴ˣʲôľúøɻ͵ 
Һ˳ӵصͷ۰Ͱ͵ĿǮת뿪ЩɥܾǰСͯӺܲദӣ᲻᲻ҷԣ 
ιʲô֣ 
뵽ǮĽѵæشūŽСɡ 
Һ˵ڶʱһοСͯЦֹӡǮô˵ҸһӶˣֱӳƺԼҾˡ 
Ҳ֪˭ӰҪǸˣᰤӵģҲԡʵ߲Ҫ 
˶ɫ·Ǵ·ǺƯģ׹ӣͷʲôģһͷֵˡūסĵطǲģֻҪܣͲͷҰ·һģٴˣġ 
𣿡ͷ룬ղһ·Щ˶£Ǯ·ҲǰɫģǺЩߺ׹ΣׯɫģȻֵĺԺӦòŪŶԡ 
ٿԼϴ·ȷǺ࣬źöಹ˵һϴ·ءȻȡЦе㲻̫ˣһ뵽ϿԺСഩͬÿ·Ҿ˷ֱܵͷ 
Ժֱӽҵ־ˣҽ 
Сǰסҵ֣߽ǰôķӡԭղŲҵĻþǴ洫ġ㰡ƴԲҲǺõġ 
￿ǽźüڴÿһ㹻װˣҺܺôĹҪôˣ߾ǽС¯ҲʮԺﻹжѳСɽһĲ˶ѣ͵İײҶֱˮ 
ڳæʮˣͻᶼʶˡڸճԹ緹Ǵ󶼻Ϣһ㲻ʱ£ԴҶ͵ܳȥɹɹ̫ʲôģȻûˣٹһǾͻ׼æ֣ʱңʲôʲô 
СڳתһȦҹư趼¯ʲôʱҪҪʱϴɾԱʦʹõȵȣͣʵ˰ɣʲôҪʵ𣿡 
аС࣬ΪʲôôһʼˣСҵģӲӲĶǼӡ 
ҵûеõش𣬶Ҳ̱˦˿СʵҪʵ𣿡 
ҵȻһҪҪʡааС࣬ʲôʱԳԷ 
ҷҿͬСʺСϣȻͨˤǰСʵС࣬û°ɣ 
׳գֻ۾û£Ǯ壬ڻ˿ɲԣ 
3 
СȻϲñǿ׿ˣ˵ֺ̱ܿҾʵǺܲġΪȥϴ˸ˮ裬һ棬ҾʹźСͬǰڵ档 
Сɣܲԣʳ 
š񡭡 
СƯüвҪòã춼ûгԷһ 
С࣬ô֪ģǴ翪ʼһڷûˡ 
Ϊ˵ҪŶӵ⣬ڲԭңȻʡһһˡȣΪʲôһԴС̣ԴΪ˳ӣʱι˺öء 
񡭡С࣬ķóԣǴ𣿡 
ҸһҲǸ˴ֵģʱֲҲæ˲˵λӷȥСͻȻݺݵ˵ס˵ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ưܱȰ׳յĺá 
С࣬Ҷ˵׳㶫һɻġ 
Сʧܵ̾˿˵İ׳Ǳ˼˵׳ʳ 
ޡԭˣǾνˣҾ˵ġ 
Сȴֵʣ˿֣ӵĻףЩ򵥵ĴʻȻ㲻 
ûСֻ࣬ŵͷʵԼҲ֪ô£ǰ˳󲡣Ȼ˾ͱúͿģöܼ򵥵ĶǲסҲ㲻ףܾΪŻᱻİɡ 
Ȼ극ãкЩ½½Сతҽܸǣұزٵһ䣬Ǹ׳գû¶ҪƽϡС˵İ׳ɵϵ˼Ϊÿ˵һ飬ͻ˷Ц˵ģɵϰ 
ЦǻᴫȾģҲһЦӣǾЦøˡ 
С˵һļǲסô˵֣ãҼסǸӰ㳤ĳ׵Ľִ壬ӣҲǮֱֵı߶մϣһ±ҳɹļס֡ 
⻹иݵСһƯĽС㡣ΪʲôܼסأΪǰָݵľӣСú㣬ǳ˵ֺܺŵĻˡ 
СҺֵʣˣֲ𣿡 
˵˵˾䡣ˣǰи 
ִһϹ߶߶ʲôȥɻʣµĻ˻ȥ 
ǵı֣ô£Сȴҵ䣬ҳһ»ش𣺡ʮɡ 
һЦҺֵͷʮһɡҼǲסҲ֣Ϊƽʱû˻ 
СƳһ˵㿴ʮ껹أҽʮʮһɡ 
ҲͬĸӣΪʲôҪСһꣿĵ𣿲Сûи˼ͷĻᣬָҿʼǡ 
һʱĲˣȻֿʼϴˣСҲһԸҸͬĻȻ䣬ˮС໹ﵹЩˮϴ˲ǺĲ¡Сͼڴ˰ϲϵϴõĲˣҿŲԽԽߣСࡣô࣬ܳԵ𣿡 
Сһۡһٿأ˸Ͳϴɡ 
ϼӿٶȣ죬ҸղŻΪϴǼɵĻأҰ˶ϴ꣬Ȼڳż۵ôʱҽԼԭ뷨Ʒ 
˼Ҳ˵ɵô⻰˵һ㶼ãС࿿Ա£˵ 
ҺίصͷѾƴڸˣɻûСǸɵÿ졣 
Բ´λٿһġ 
Сһ¡û㣬ҪװòáˣһҪæءݸһ״ͷƯȥĿ˺ü飬ǲóԡ 
ιҪˣԣСװͰ͵˵Уû 
Сúףŵæҧһڣдлһ̵ζûвҲܳȥ 
ԭͷлôóԵĶǰû 
ҴҧŻСм˵С࣬óԡ 
ϦбչСԭе㷢죬ȥС˵ɵϣôóԣ 
һæ˵ǣ˵óԣС಻ǺóԣǺÿ 
Сජҿ˺һ̾˿㳤òŽкÿأϧǸɵӡ 
һæҲϵذӣףһҾֻһȥ֪ԼʲôкöƯĽ㴩ȡˣǵ·ȻʽвͬɫΪ׵ģСĸңЩǸӵ澣ǧܵģҪҳɫ 
Ҿ˶ģʱչҵʲôʱģˣʲô֡ҼСѵʲô˵ֻǺٺٵЦţҶһϧҡͷ˵ôǸɵӡ 
ΪʲôҲ˵һΪɵأ 
Ȼϴϴϴ룬ǴһϴѳСɽƵֻϴҲϴꡣһʱС͵͵һҪҳ伢Ҳ֪ʲôģֵĺܺóԣԵҲ 
ãҺź룬ΪʲôﲻһأɴûôóԵĶҪԺټǣһҪȰҲ¡ 
ò׶æ꣬ѾһƬˣǵѩƮгѩɡ 
Ҷ꣬ʢò˴һʼԷСʢһ׷ָϰڴĸʽʲôҶסЩûһ̳ˣĭĥţС㲦Щҵǽһǰ˵԰ɡ 
С࡭ұ˱졣㶼ҷһʼҪѡˣ 
СһӲ˷ŵѡòˣ춼ˡ԰ɣ˯컹Ҫ𡣡 
Сÿֲô֪Щʲô 
4 
ڽŷʵС࣬ʲôˣóԡ 
ǳϺʣѡĶ϶ûԹĲˣó𣿡 
ﺬһڲˣû˵ֻصͷ 
ҲкóԣӡȹˣóԵĲǲŽжˣʱԵֱ 
С࣬á 
СֺˣһڡɵϣԷ 
СһϢû뵽Сͬһ䣬Ǻһ˷ܡ 
СӾһⶼʰúܸɾָǽߵһſմ˵ҵĴҪҪȥϴ裬Ѿϴ裬ҡͷܾˡ 
ҳСȥϴʱܵԼĴȥֳӰԼסĺôůͣڼǵǴһֽ˶٣ÿҶòﻳͻᱻһ߿ 
ιڸʲôСȸԾһǰһѰⲻԼңʲô͸ʲôҪţĽݸˣҪǿ⸱УٲҪٰӣ 
С˵ʱǺֲܿģҴͷԴһǣСҪش֪ˣҪװưͣ 
űʹԴһԹСࡣС࣬ҪԴˣ䱿ġ 
ѾѼˣٱܱȥȥ˯ 
ҸæܵԼĴϣ˱ѣŸԼϵޱ˷ܵضС˵С࣬ҳôһԼĴÿġ 
СѵƴϨˣҲɵϣڰĻ治һĴ˻ôġ 
С࣬ҲǱ𣿡 
ǣôùֻǳǩԼ˾ˣ㣬ǱģⱲӶ벻Ľݼҡ 
ҷĽݼʲôãԵĴסģʲôУС㲻Ҫߺòãô죿 
᲻С࣬ҽʶĵһˣҸоҵֵһܵܣ۸ңҵһʹиҸͷһһС࣬ҺǲԸҵĸ硣 
ҵĻûڣͱС˻ 
ҹɵϸʲôۣ˯ 
ǡС࣬һм㡭ʵ翪ʼǼ¾һֱתˣûʱСࡣ 
˵ 
ǸС˵к˵¡ 
ڰСĬһ 
ޣҲǲСİһӣͷʲôطûȵû˯ɡ 
֪ΪʲôܸеСû˵ʵ 
¾ǵĻֹһ 
ʲôʱôˣס˵£˯ 
С㲻ãװͰ͵ģҲԹԵر۾˯ 
׳գˣһҴоѣűĶ䣬ðŻعĽݸСķ䡣 
С࣬Ϻá 
ҵʺǵûС죬жøӱѱһѳ㴩𴲣Ҫٸĥ䣬ϱúܲã 
״СΪʲô̬ôӣæٶȴ·䣬·ҲһƬڣʲôʱ 
ôôùҪɻҪɵϣСһ̣߰һ߶˵ 
ݴŲС࣬컹ûءڼʱȻҲ첻𴲣ﱻһĺ䣬Ҳûú࣬ڲһôůͣ᲻뿪 
㻹𴲣ΪԼǴүʰһ£ˡ 
ѽ·룬ϴ˰ȻСš 
滹ѩѶһĻѩȥ֨֨죬µĵţѩƮ£һɫСڿз衣ҸСഩĳȣ 
кöǶæµˣڵģҹŶֶС˵ů͡ 
ˮﵱȻůˣҪȥɨѩ 
᲻뿪ů͵ĴݣΥСҹԹԵؽӹĴɨȥɨѩ 
ԺĺôվЩߴĳ˶һɨѩоѩҺɨ㣬һֱðܵСšС࣬ǶѸѩ˰ɡ 
С˦ҡɻٺ֣Сûԡ 
治СͬͣΪʲôô򾲣һ㶼棬ǰ컹أͶѸСѩ˺òã㲻˵ǲǲ֪ġ 
С౻ҷüˣһָԱߡԼǱȥű˸ɻ 
ллС࣡ 
ѩҴûѹҿ˼ҶѣòǺѣҰѻѩȫѵһֲϵĴ򣬲һһֵѩ˾վҵǰҴӽʰɹ۾˸֦Ȼ֣ؿԼĽ 
ɨѩĸǸΧȤ˵Сɶѵѩ˻ģء 
СбƳһۣ˵ɵ϶ѵѩҲɵɵģͶûУ˹һ 
ҾֱС಻ţ̫ˣôǰңһûɵǸѩϱӺͣҸóִܲɱҡ 
Сȴת˳һܳѩǰĶ嵽ϣѩ˶˸ܲӺɽͣСúʵΪʲôҪ֦ 
ԴѽɡС࣬ѩǲǺ˧ 
˧ͷ֪֪ʲôнĽݸ˶ýҪǿø֦ӲŹ֣ 
ΪʲôʲôᱻСΪ֦ΪҲƯǵú˭֦أӺң벻ˡҺС࣬һװ԰ԵСҾͺǵر졣 
5 
СָӺͳֿʼһĻơ 
˶չңΪ¶ˣ֪ҺܱԲűȽϿݰɡ 
ԵҲܺãִʱ߳˱߶ңĵֱתȦɱֻᱻСǹתתȥҲͷΣ 
ѳҵļҳ㷹󲿷ʱСҲõģöϲԵĲˣϴһȥϴ裬ȻסĵطزԶҺºڣôŹֺ󣬾͸һҹ·ȥϴĵط 
СܻҵִȥأҺʱܰƽʱҡ 
СôһΣ͸һСĲ֪ʲôɵҩࡣ 
С˵ֵģڳҪմˮͣͻѵú˵׸ңһҪʮǮأҪµ׷˹ǮԺǮ 
һֱСͬסһ䣬ΪҶһ䣬֪סĴǳСĻ˼һ˯̣ͨСǰҲǸһ˯ģɴ˵ĥ־ҹ󺰴еģôҶ˯ãͱǮ巢䵽СݣҲС˸ˡ 
Һܻ˵ʵԣΪҸСͬ˯˼죬ûʲôŹֵĳÿ춼˯ú㣬ҺһСԭ򣬵뵽ĶԸҾͷݺġ 
ֹʮ죬쵽˽ĽݸĵһݹǮǮ 
صǮ˷ܵ˼ߣС˵ҺˣǮĺˣҸôǮ˭֪Сñǿ׺һһǰ׳յı顣 
С֪࣬ˡ 
ҰѰǮֽ򿪣Сһ£ҹǮʮģǮʮģСʮˣ˵ǻ͵Ǯ˳ʣµʮҲСұܣΪûеطҲ֪ôСһȵؽӹȥǮңͲҲˡ 
ֵʣΪʲôС࣬õѽʲôŪҲ˵Ƿﰲȫء 
С̺һ£˵Ҵûѣ 
ǰҲûѣʶ֮ͲһˣС࣬㲻뵱ҵ𣿡 
СЦҵȻ룡ЦҸҪɵѣ 
С࡭ؿһ仰˵ 
С࿴ҵôмһˣҺܣұ˵ʲôȴˤųȥˣһڷ 
ĬĬذǶڴϵʮǮһööʰ𣬷ŵֽ°á 
Сù֣ҲҪԭ 
ʱСҲԼ˵ĻЩˣΧûһ죬һֱûһŰ챻£ŲҪôԭ 
ȻҵķӦɹؼŭС࣬һˮϴеĲˣˮͰҵֱϣòϴˣСȥˮˮȻ̫ԶˮͰҸеܳҾ֪С۸ҡ 
ҡҡڰڵˮͰߣһҲΣƬˮóȶʪˣٱһܵĵطְС˸ʹ졣 
ͻȻͷһⵣץס˶ˣתͷСվԣڵ۾˵㡣 
ѱⵣȥȴǰһקͷǰߣˣ˸ͷˤڵءС࣬һǹġ 
ʵԺŷֺöطûС࣬ϴϴˮҲԵĲ˶ҪһҲҹ·ûȥϴ衣 
ͻϴ·˰죬׳ŵȥҲܿС࣬˵ã·ȥϴء 
ʵܱҪѵö࣬ҵҲûôãƽʱˣɽͨƵģûһȥء 
˽ﴫЩҥԣڴʱҵľͿʼͣҹ˳Ⱥǿյأлвмɽɾûĵ 
ĽˣҪڼҲҪʡǮòã 
СɣĽݼҵСѽôôСʮܹȥˡ 
Ҫ£̧ȣܡ 
һڸԼһֻСִԱҵϣС˵ 
СǰȥҺ˦صѡʵ̫ãҪˣ죬һ·ģǽѣ 
ˣСɣȷʵҪйģҪͷԲˣҪʲôã 
СԱߣҹ·һ㶼¡أҵͷС˵˾ллͽȥˣΪС᲻ͷңٶϴ˳յģһ˶ûС 
һʱˣСһǹȻߵҾٺҲҪŻȥ 
С࣬Ҿ֪׽Ūҡ 
Сֻһյú͵ƷŻ谵ĹâҵӰӱͶǽⲻϵҡΣֱСħÿֲŵñ۾ 
Ǿ뿪ĺãҴҴҪܳȥһ죬ҵĲӾͱһֻֽס 
ǱĴȫ˵֣ĺýҴܡ 
Ҫſҡ 
˵ֻƴȣ谵£ҿиɫĶǰһǶסӵȴøűݵҵľԣһʪȵĴϢҸӿ־塣 
ʹ 
еж̽ҵľʱһӱһ޷ȥ̱ʱͻȻĽŲǸӰһѸٽƿһӴ˳ȥұƵڵأֵضͣԶ˲ˡ 
СɡС˽̱ڵصӣɴʧɫʲô£ 
ʧ̧ĨĨղűҧסĵطմŵѪŵ˵СĻ 
С࣬йй 
һǹˣôô֣һǺںڵָ 
һ£ָףҺᣬôܼһǸˡ 
ͷЩʹҽסСֻܼ࣬Ŀ־塣 
ϻȥСڿҲϵĳӡɫѿˣҽѪøɾȻ§һصֱɵԼĴϣһڲͣطŶ 
6 
Ϩ˵ƣǽűţӻǶұ۾ҧ촽ŬԼһΪ־壬һС·Ҷµġ 
ޱƿһ磬漴ҾͱһůĻסСһֻ§סҵС˵СɣСɡ 
㡣 
ҸղŰ㻻ĿõɣǾ·ҪҲŪʪĻ滻Ķûˣ˭뵽뿪ͻ¡ 
ޣԭˣһС֮ǰ׽Ūҵ²ټƽϣֻǷ˵һĻ 
СɣԺϲҪһ˳ȥʲô½ҡ 
С࣬ʲô 
 
Сһ¡ɵϣΪʲôһҪ֪ 
ҾҪ֪Сˡ 
վ飬ͨʱСҵǲܾģȻĬһ˵ǰĳ˵ÿһʱͻһСͯΪĽݼǰǴ̵ģҶ˵ԩģСͯΪʢԲױȥǣ˵ЩӶһţʲôѪһ 
ҵһСæ˵Сɱ£Ҷ˵ʵ˭Ҳûмֻҥء 
 
ɣǮ廹Ҫҵǵһ 
֪һʲôܵģʵֲ̫˰ɣֻҥǸղŵĹӰô˵ԺǲҪٸСೳܵĺá 
С࣬ѵ㲻𣿡СĻůţҽ˿־壬һ档 
ʢŲأ㣬һġ 
ҵôСһôһŪνʲô˼ 
С࣬ͻȻղǸָס 
С෴ֽҵס˵˵¸˭Ҫ˵͵ʲôûСɣסκʱ򶼲Ҫ죡 
ޡ̫Сľ棬ҲΪҺãֻǸںڵָ׵ĶĺģΪʲôǲˣ 
Щɥ˵С࣬˵ұǶԵģҲԼʲôǲס 
СӺҽ§ڻ˵СɱǱ˵Ҳܿɰ㿴۾ô峺񲻴һ覴õʯЦʱ۾Цء 
ǺǡСڿأǰҵĻʱԲưɡ 
㼸СƢȴô󣬽ΪԵͷ㣬ϾͻܹԹˣ˭֪ǿͷţСɣƢһԿġ 
ҵƢôǿ۾룬СĻúů̲סϲ˲䣬ڰһ 
ٶˣ 
š 
аϲСɣʵ˵㱿ʱ򲢲˵㱿 
ѶͷС࣬ܲܲҪ˵ƿһҵͷˡ 
һС¯ú߲ϴС߶߶ĻһɹذҴ硣 
ڶĵѵú磬һ۾ͷԼȻСĻҼǵԼǱ˯µģʲôʱ򷭵 
С౻Ūˣ͵ƣǰһʪСɣСô˾Ȼ˯ˮ 
Ҳ˼صͷС·Ūˣһᰤġ 
ûڴ̧ͷͷһ£С˫Ҷǰ۾ؿҡСɣɰ 
СأŶͷɵɵЦʪʪĸоǺ̫˵㡣 
С࣬ɲһ£ 
죡 
ͨС˵ֵʱǵر졣 
СȴȻ˵ĹǮøңҰš 
ðæȡǸСֽݸС࣬˹ȥ˵Ҫõʱҽ 
æֺ˵ʵҲûطãҪǮҵĺˡ 
ɵϡ 
ĻС³ƽʱʱ̫һ˵ĺᡣ 
ԭСҲʱ 
СɣǴʮǻæģ϶Ե֪𣿡 
ţ 
һæͣС˵֮ǿϢ죬︮ϷϷЩҲԸһ۸ҳôûϷأһϢ˵òȻرСһɵϡ 
ϣ˵ѾǾһͣСҳϦ֮ҹǶᵽǰһòͣҽʮǰˣʮˣʮزˣʮ㣬ʮˮƴ̣ʮ־ˮ˳˼ 
С㣬ǲкܶӣ 
үϷ⣬λӺһλС㣬ϴĹӵλ檣Ҳô˰ɡСĵؽš 
ͷָͷүϷˣӡһǡ 
ˣСԱ߲мؼһ䡣 
ܳԵôĲ𣿡 
ǳԲ꣬ȻͱˡСһǱ˵үǾΪָһֻӾͷԸˣԴҲŻôæѽģҶŵء 
ллС㡣 
ҵԴֱصһ£Сܲܺ㣬һ۾ͿʼŹ⣬ģ˼һΪˡ 
СҲԳԵЦʣǳ϶õˡ 
7 
С˵ûȥĲ̵ٱµĲȱȥæתСҲȥͲˡ 
Ľ˿ú˷ѡ 
ҸСԺ˰æϴȻһ¡ 
Сɡִָһƴ̶˵̵ֲæ˹ȥ 
ҶǸʮСƴɵˮƴ̣ڵĶҴδĹܺóԵӡ 
ɵţȥ 
壬ҪȥɣСɸսʲôСչ˵ 
ʲôսôʱˣȥˮȥˮִһСŵϣָżӵѾ˵߾ˣаæ̵ˡ 
ҵһȥĽݸطҶӸǼѾ˷ܵض 
Сѽǧӣ˶ǿɲ㡣һλ˵ 
סˡ 
Ľݸĺô󣬳˳ǱߣԽ·Խȹȥģ¥Ҳ࣬˵յԺԺ硣 
һܴߣ̨վ˺öɫ·Ѿǣǹǰӽ˹ȥ 
ﲻϴЦһְɣҵż뿴ʲôӵģϧ̫ʲô 
ˡĽһ¡ 
ʲôûҪˣÿϧ 
ҸߣسûжӵҺɵͷڸߴĺЩǷǸС΢ֻǿ 
ô࣬Ҫһյȥ 
ĥһСװͰ͵ӣϾʹͷ 
˲ãΧ񽥽һعȵķǼѾûӰֻʣһˡ 
ˣǰҶˣ 
Ҿŵǰȥ˼䣬Ϥ·˺ܾãڿһľɫйͣ˽Ų 
Сɣ㱾ͱģҪ·ô찡 
СҪھͺˡ 
鲻ԽϵҧۣҪǽվӿһСС˺ۣΪľֻһΡ 
һ紵Ż֦ϵѩƮӲضһ£ұһˣԼݴ 
ӦòôùɣͬĹΡ 
µϾɥϣ˭ 
ףнŲˣ˷ܵվֱӣԭõģʿлллл 
һĺܸߴӴҴ߹۶ûұ˹ȥһľҵϣҲɵش˸ս 
ûأȻðСڵķϣôٲУˣҵľݡ 
ǸԲ𡭡 
ӵ˵ĽŲסתؿҡ 
˧ҵһ˲伸ֹͣ 
ôгô˧ˣһ˫΢΢Ľüüµ˫纮̶ӢͦıǷ΢˫һ׵գֲԳɵȻ˲ֱӡ 
֪Ϊʲôҵһǵͨ죬ֿͣʼٵҸæѹסĿڣһ 
˲ұӵ⣬Ϊʲôҵȫȵ 
ʲô£ 
Ľ²õǰСССģ˫ֲͫһ˿ʵ峺һСȴźɫһ˿Ӻ˷ܡ 
ķˣûûС񶼲УֱɵĽݸʲôʱôûˣ 
䰡еⲻϴǰϴҸ׽ĳ嶯 
λ磬·ˣܸܲҳ˫ĿĿⶢĲ˼ҽͰ͵ʡ 
ʲô·ˣĽµüøˣǮܼôµģûõ˻Ҫʲô 
ҪǸмµŴҲ;ϯ˭֪·Ͼְ׳աʵĽһͿˣվһǣֻ·Сè 
ԸһĵķţᣬĽת뿪ֻӵСèȴȻǰס֡ 
ҸսﲻãûеĵطղǴʱʹʧɢˡСԴһȥ𣿲ᵢ೤ʱġ 
еСֽסԼ֣Щģ΢΢Ų⺢˺ܾ˰ɡ 
Ľһһм˽ӴסֻС֡ 
е˶ȥǰҪԼżȻ˵ҪȺܾã˾ȻסԷ⺢ӻ治һı 
ɡٶ໰ĽסСèȥ 
ۣø߰վһһļͷҺܿûоܾҵҪæ˵磬á 
ãĽԳһЦƽֻϲ;̣鶼ĺֻܵ˵ӱ䣬¹ȴûиֻϡ 
ʲô֣ʵ 
Ľ¡ 
ҽСɣǮ˵ҽĽݸҪĽݼգӦýĽСɡһֱڳµģкܶóԵĶأд磬С˵ҲԸŴطµǳԲģôһһǷ͸㡣 
ĽЩЦãǸɵĺӣΪʲô˵֪Լ˭ 
ˣ¡磬£ұƺС࣬СƺǸߴҰѳƺʱ˹ 
ȡʹĽ̳Ʊ磬ʱҲ֪λش⺢ӵ⣬ô󣬻ûôеسƺ 
С˵ǲ߶ģң˶ܺãҲԶӡ 
Сè߶߶˵ţĽ²ɴһԼţȻǺܻһʵؾ֪ϵȵĲϣ⺢ΪԼǸˣ 
Ľݸڳס˺ܿôÿ仰ﶼ벻һ֣ 
ҵֱ¸ůůֺӲҲֲܴڣСôȴ԰ֶֺֻ̹ܰĸоţϣһֱ¸ȥ 
8 
ˡ 
ĽԶĵطվסǰ˾ͻɲ뱻ϳĽݼӱΪС˵´ûټˡ 
˰΢΢еʧʵ·ʶģΪ¸һֱ쵽ء 
¸磬лл㣬һ£һЩóԵĸ㡣 
ҷɿǱܹȥһӭһС࣬һҾƿڴ㵽ܵȥˣ˰Լ𣿡 
С࣬ҸмأһòãƿܵСߡСС㣬ĵأ 
㵽׷ʲô裿ҳԵģͶ̥ 
һԴеС࣬ҽӹС׼ĵİȥ 
¹һƬյģ¸ûӰʧؿĵģΪʲôһ 
㵽ڸʲôСܻظ˹ôȥһˣѻ궼ˣ 
С࣬·¸һģұЩлûеҡҺѹǰסС˵ 
Сüʲô¸磿 
Ҳ֪ 
ղԼһֱ¸ɵһ졣ú˧ 
С಻мذһۣ߻س 
˧⿴˵۹⣿Ǯ˧ɣ 
ǲǣҼؽ˵ݵģӸ߸ߵģϲ˵ĺ˧ 
˵ưͰɣСĻ 
ǣ˵ϲ˵û˵˵ 
ֱţС࣬Ϊʲô˵ô̱ 
СȴͻȻʵûǸֶ 
ҡͷʲôЦҪˣһ 
ԺǵòҪܣΣյģ֪𣿡 
š 
װĶ¸ӢӰСĻֻӦһ䡣 
æѾȥˣС׼õķùҳԣϵҡûбˣ߶ܸԴҲ𣿡 
С࣬ǻ˵ȻұʵôΪ𣬿ôҲĻ˵ұ֮⻹ʲô˼ 
ܺãСĳҲͲϡҿԼһҪأϣһӶܸ¸ղֳ֣ȻĲ˵С֪࣬߶߶ÿ춼ҡ 
֪£ҵʱ׷ʾͺˣҶסĽݸԵһټģǺǡ 
ӳصҵȥϴ赽ٻصң¸Ӱһֱǰȥ̲סһٵĺǺɵЦ 
ιôˣһɵЦʲôȥתһȦתĹСҵɵЦڰͲס 
СС࣬˵ڸһˣʲôã 
СһؿҡʲôҪȥǸ¸磬Ҹ㣬ŶûС 
дҲаҺܵСĴϣ翿ǽϥ¡ 
ҿ¸ӣһͨļҶС࣬ôˡ 
СܻɵʵȷǼҶ 
ǵȻҲǵһҵֻ϶ϼ룬һ֪ǳڸɻġ 
Сһ͵ץסҵ֣ݺݵصȻ֣ 
СΪʲôͻȻŵʱС¸£ֵġ 
Ҫȥձ˵֣ 
СԽ̲סԱ 
С֪࣬ҹ·ġ 
Ҳȥǣ˵֪𣿳֮⣡С΢ЩͣȻǿӲ˵ 
С֪࣬ôԵίر죬ΪʲôһСٸҶ˵һԿҾŵðѻ˻ȥ 
һС̾˿˵㲻ҪΪã˭֪ʲôˣû㣬˵˿Źߵģ˵Ľݸ˵СС˵󲻴ҲԺ󻹻أҪٺ˼ˡ 
š 
ˣСǺöʳˮأ⼸ԴˣУǿϢ벻뵽תתУûǰɣ 
һ֣Сߴ˴աððǲǺܺ棿 
ǰǿɲȱ𴦣ʹǴһҲῪ⡣ЩǮ̫̫СǶϲᴩȥ갡˿ģĽݸĶӾ˿֯ģ˵һһľƽʱôأҽͷβиСҸִ˵ˣϵæͿһ˵Բԣ 
ԶԶԣС̫࣬ˡ 
ϲãһ˯һڵĴҶϢˣ˭С֪µģҹǮҲӱµĹǮӦǺܺõġҼС˵ôģ˳˾䣬ôƴ׬ǮǲȢϱֺݰСһٱ 
緹С˵ǮҳţڳŵʱͻȻ뵽ǰ£ǲŰ£ǵòѾЩģˡ 
СҪٸˣڽץ˵ĽݸģȻͻ 
Ľݼô𣿡 
ǵȻǮǻ׹ݣ˭᲻֪ 
С࣬ҪҲǮͺˡǮͲÿ磬ͿԳԼԵĸֵģ붼ÿġ 
ߣСɣЩǮƵ˹δرǿ֡ 
СһۣҾ֪²ǳԲ˵ᡣ 
9 
Сɣ㿴ǾĽݸĴˡСҵ䣬ָŲԶİɫŶ˵ 
Ⱥǵţ߸ߵżкܶƻƵĶǶ棬ǰʯԸһֻʯʨʯʨԲԶ˼춥ΣϺһңҲ֪дʲô 
Щ֡С࣬ǸղߵĲǴôһȴţ 
ǸղߵǸߵţ߲ţǽõġ 
û뵽һŶôָָིǿСࡣС࣬дʲô 
Ҷɽׯ 
ҶƮƮȥǸҶ𣿡 
ҿЦΪôѧأԭҲôףôΰĽҲĽˣĽɽׯˣҲĽݸ֣֮ôҶӳϹϵһҶ˥ 
Сܲ˵سҡ⸱ɵЦΪԼ׳𣿡 
С࣬㲻úЦ˰Ҷɽׯֵģﶼûɽء 
֪ʲôĽҵﴴҵʱһƬɽأҵǷһ죬ɽĺҶȼգȾͰɽׯΪҶɽׯڸﻹķأĺҶĺܺÿ֪ˡ 
С࣬˵ǺҶΪʲôкҶɽׯǷҶɽׯƫƫҪҶβš 
СЩͷˡҶҶǶȵҶ 
ʲôҲ֪ҶͲҸΪףһء 
С࣬㿴Ǳ˳ء 
˵Żźܻ˴Ӹ˳æץסСʣǰǸ˭ú˧ 
ԶԶĿУĸ߸ݵģҲе¸磬ǵȻǲܵģΪĴźùһװһ֪ӡ 
Сҵתķߡ 
İ㲻ҪպòãҿǰҲ˵˧ 
С࣬˵úô³أҲ˵˵ղǸ˾Ǻ˧˵ 
ΪòҲöЩӢӢ䲻ʣǱЩݺòãҪһ˧ֲڣ㲻ӷһ÷ء 
ʲôͬ˵ôϻ˷ôˮҪĻһ֣˧ 
Ҹ꣬ͿһСʺֳɹسСϣǺˣ˺ðźض˵Сɣ챻ˣʬ 
ף˵ΪʲôСӣͷ˰Ҳûס 
С࣬㻹ûңղЩ˭أǵ𣿡 
㷢Ľ˧ˣҾ͸˭ 
ã 
⻹򵥣С̫࣬˵ˣ´θú˧ݲˡ 
ǰǶĽݾŵˣһ佻һ짷磬Ƕӵ¡Ǹ߹˿ԼĲҵͼլҶɽׯĸڣժ¥巻Ҳܽһ־ˣǱ߽ׯҶɽׯߵӴģĽݼĹɲģһ쵽£ϲǸɫҪǧҪ㿪С 
С˵̫ˣ˰죬ֻסժ¥֡ 
ժǣǱҶҪãλӵƷλҪȸߺöء 
Ǵʲôģ 
ӹٰݶ˾ǳ͢Ʒ١ 
ۣð٣赸Ūǹˣͺ˧ѽ 
ˣСɣ¹ʡףĽݼҵĴСĽ㣬ʱеæˡ 
Сֺ࣬һǸء 
СһۡСɣû˵ưͣ˼һЦǵ㣬ɫࡣ 
һ𣿡һ 
ȫͬĽݼλӵԶȡ֮־˼λСǶ֣ȡ֮һЦǵĵʣ˵òǡ 
С٩٩̸Ŵͣ˵С࣬ѧʰ 
ʲôĽݸļҶ֪ЦҲɵϲףˣ˵Ļ𣿡 
ҺȻҡҡͷС࣬ǲ֪˵ʲôҲžѧʰ 
 
ľС˵Ӻ̶ֵ֣򿪴⣬Сзͷƣдӯ⽫Ԥʾһ궼ԴΪ˿ͣļ۸񶼲ܸߣһߣһָһҼҵ̸˵ǲ÷꣬ǳׯǡ 
ҸȤǰڽֽǵĸСԺôߵǺ«Ļ˪ҿˮֱ 
СɣǸ⡣СһҵǰָŸֵĶ˵ 
ǸԲΣǣķĸ״С˵״ͬҲͬ࣬ɳǣ𻨵Ⱥöֻ֣;Ͳģæ˵Ҫ 
СֲͬĵĸңԼҲһƳһ˵Сɣһ㶼ɵһ㣬ʨӴ󿪿ڡ 
˭˵ɵˣȻǲɵ 
Ŀת۾ͽ˶ǡ 
ˣСִȥˣˣģҵһοնϧֻһͲҵĿ飬ӲǰҴ˶˳ 
ȥİɣһֱĻҪǮģСɣԵʲô 
𣿡ҧָͷʡ 
ǰһǮˣС׳ա 
ðҿĵǰסС࣬һ죬ƿ 
С࣬Ǻ«̫ˣһ˳Բˡ 
һԣˡ 
С࣬ 
С˸һߵıǺ«һһ߿šʵ̫ˣһ㶼㣬ַŲ£תۼҵԾմ˺ö֥飬С࿴ҲŵĳʵǵһγԱǺ« 
ǰ 
ɽܳԹɣֶµɽ϶ǡ 
ͷ˰죬Щѹ˵ҲǵˣС࣬ǰ˳󲡣˵ջӣǰöҶģģļǲ̫塭 
ΪŻᱻİɡ 
Сæҵͷ𲻿ˣǰöҲǵģǣСɣԺ𣿡 
۾ܿ϶˵һᣡС֣࣬ԴӺһ𣬺ÿҶǵúΪõѰɡ 
ҿСһ۾ЩǰȥǾֻ𣿡 
С࡭ 
⣬Һ˵˻С಻ˡ 
СȴͻȻסǺ«ҧһڣЦ˵СɣԺҪлᣬÿ³һһòã 
ð 
ȻˣֻҪͬסһʱԳ氡ΪʲôСĻô֣Ҿʱһ 
ͻȻһϤӰǰζҵĺһͣ¸磡ҿİѱǺ«СǱһơ 
С࣬ңһͻ 
ƴǰȥȫȻС󽹼ĺС 
10 
¸磬¸硭 
׷ǸӰֺŷְ˸׷ˣֻôͷɥߣҲԼ˰ɣôɣһžСڸʱҳҪ 
ˣҰСඪˡ 
ͻȻСܻԭصңҼæȥСѾˣΧػ˰죬ûӰ 
С಻ܶҲܣһҲڵңҵ˺þãҲû 
Сѻ˵ˣ· 
»бҸ𣿾ﶪΣһλȰС˦ġ 
ȲСֻ࣬ǰţĬĬϣܱˣǽʿ̫ңΪߵȶˣҲûС࣬˵¸ˡ 
ĥҪҪҸ·Ȼһ˹Ҳɵ˿㰡ǳ˵ζ 
ǰǼɵ¥ϷŴңһ洫һǾ¥ûˡ 
ϵֻĿǸ⣬еĶ̱ùҽУĶӣҲûãûǮι㰡 
ת뿪Ŀȴͣھ¥Եļ˹ȥ 
ƯĽӰµĽƯĺƻƵ΢ţڷɡ 
ȥܸ߹ء 
һûע⣬æܹȥḧһǽĺһʱÿɰʲô֯ģֻģһůͰɣȴϧ 
ʲôͻȻһĺŵ̶»ץĽͷҲһأȾܡ 
̱һֻץסĪĺľû뵽ҲҳţͷðҾͱתȥȻһŲ԰ױĿ 
 
ŵʧУԷĶҵĽȫҵӱץסڿնֱ¥ȻӴڷ˽ȥڵϡ 
ȴϺɸң㲻ͲûҪΪѵɸ 
ҽ۲ȴϴôЦ 
죬мֻΪʲôҶ̫ 
ι۾ 
һЦڶæҡͷҪ 
֪Щϲͨ۾˵ĻǣŲĵ 
ҵĻػΧЦ͸ˣһݺݵֻ۾ǹ 
ףǶʶô֪ұֻкĹء 
Цˣ짷磬ȻᱻΪǹԺǧҪҹ·ˣҪ˾Ͳˡ 
ȻǸݺݵ죡 
ӣڶأû۰ɡ 
һº͵ǰ 
öǰˮ΢󱻴ķ컺ᣬֻһҾҪˡ 
Ǳ˴һҲ۾ȻһӢϤԾҵ 
ӣ 
ҾϲؽˣǱأԺҪռС 
ĽݾǰݣҲɵ΢΢һ 
ĺ񡭡 
ϤЦȻӿͷ 
ͬеϰԷհϰߣͿиԼĽǰ̽ͷ̽ԣСֲϸŽǶ΢Сϣһ˫ҫź棬ۺϲĹâ 
˭ҵĺӴй䣿Ĵ絹ԼϵСˡ 
Ľݾ̲ס짷Ǻӽ˭֪짷һԾ£һҽб㴫佻ıŶӴЦ 
ű͸ŵ־Сڼ̶ϲõЦݣĽݾ鲻ɵҲŸʵʶң 
ҿĵصͷǰӣղǴӸʱҼ㣬ڸµģҽСɡ 
ԭǸСƣĽݾ΢Цŵ˵ͷ 
ЦúÿЦ˾ůģ֪˿ܲò⸱ЦվЩƲĿ⡣ 
˵Ӹ¸еأǸ˵ĸоһһȴǻ𡭡 
ߣһҵԱߵһϣǸղΪǹǸˣҲӢûʲô飬ѿӣȻͶһǵȻˣ뵽ԼͻҲ˼лԲ𣬸ղΪ㲻ˡ 
佻̲סıЦ 
ôȤСˣѾܾû짷ŭıˣ⺢ӾڵǸˣĽݾҲûסʧЦվǽǴСѾЦѡ 
ҴǸЦûİˣЦĻһ˧ġ 
ЦʲôûڽЦҡҡͷʾԼס 
ǰ˫ü΢΢ͷһԻ󲻽ı飬ȻûԼﲡԱߵ짷򱻶µûҲ˵һײĽݾ̲סЩЦ 
ճúʵϸͲˡ 
ռʹЦҲβסеİˣӣЦǷĵģһ˿ϵЦ 
ٿ짷Աӣ⺢ӻиЦأ⸱ɵɵҲÿɰ 
짷ȴҧʵֻ۾ǹ 
ûûϢվֱģɣ͸ϴĹһĿֲ 
ѽ⣬ôǼ˵ˡ 
ȻɫСɣʲôɾĶ𣿡 
ҡͷ˵˵С಻˵ġ 
Сɣ㲻ӴΪʲôҪѧ˼ѣ 
һ˵ϼˡ 
ҲûѣˣǣǹҵѪ㿴Ҳϻӡء 
Ϊ֤û˵ѣæ£ǿǱҧĵطȻҷֶӱ΢Ц͵ 
11 
СɿǸ˵𣿡 
ûӺסҵĲӣȻҧңҪСɹһûģҶ˭û˵ΪС಻˵ 
С˵ĶԣСɣ²Ҫٸ֪𡣡 
֪֪ 
ҪǱС֪ҰǼ¸˶ӣһңﻹٶ˽ 
λǹĹӺڹڻҼ׷ʣҲȥôΪɣ 
ҿɢϢĶӣֿ˼ӡ 
ԲҪ˵ɣҾöӱȽˣλӣĲܶ࡭ 
һʺϣľ飬֪Լһ˵ˣæԲ𣬶Բʵʵ˵ʵҲûôˣӱҲܺðҿͻúˬǲǣȥ͸ˣݶ¥ݡ 
 
⣬ǲԽ˵ԽΪʲôǵЦͣҵļ 
짷翴ǰв֪Լ˵ʲôСֺΪʲô˶µľ±ȳҪ࣬ҪҪΪͰһɡ 
ĽݾסЦ˸Բ 
Сɣҵ£λ짷磬λ佻˵ĻɵֹṦֻҪˣ˭ĺܸߡ 
ϾĹɾҽСɣǲҵϣҲȥ 
Сɣôһҹ䣿 
ûҹ䰡ҸСһģҾ߶ˡҲ˼ЦЦҸսﲻãҲǵһγţҲʶ· 
·ȥ 
ǰ 
··Ϊʲô짷粻˵ʣͿɣڿ˵ˡ 
ҿǽƯԾһֻһ°ûŪġ 
ͻȻе㺦£Ū˿ҪģҪܹİɣ֪ҵĹǮǲ𣬶ͻȻ뵽һص⣬ŵͨһ 
ӣ㲻Ҫҡūֻһ£㲻Ҫұӡ 
ӾŵĹԭ£Ľݾõؿ짷һۣ߸ĵίֻһҲ 
ɣⲻǸûôڡ 
𣿡 
ͷӣһ΢ЦӦû˵ѣǾ˵һٱˣһϱ 
˵˵ΪʲôҪ޴㣿 
Ǯ˵ģҪҪԼūţͻᱻ򣬿ҺܱǼǲס˵Ļ 
ӺǺЦҲϲˣҲϲ˳ԼūţղžͺܺãҪġ 
ұЦһӶûУǸء 
ӣЦÿҺԵ˵ 
ģЦǺںڵͫҲ͵Ц⣬º͵ˣһкöŮϲɣ 
ǶҵĻԵһ£Щţ֪˵ĻǲǺͻɶ漴Ц˵ҲҪظ͸Űɡ 
վһֱվڽѾ÷Ķչϡ 
ҽϵĿ϶͵͵һߵӣϰ˸ƼȣҴûж꣬мɸֻ״ĵģܾɵİ˺һڡ 
ˣҪˮСɣ죬Ҫ 
ĽݾҪԸˣǰֱضžһĲΣ˫ͫҲôģƺһӲȫ 
Сɣ˰ɣ 
˵ûûС 
ɶȴڴʱܲعߺͷҿӡ 
ǸɰĺأСҲֵ 
Ľݾһ£Ըϯˣ»һϾƣһϵȵĻ裬ʽĶһݡ 
һΪҵӦǰɣǺѾԱ˵ģæ˵ӣòôֻҪǼ͸Сɾˡ 
չȴ˵Ķôܳԣ 
˵Ķôܳԣ춼ڳʣʣˣ췹ÿ죬Ҷǳģʼе㲻ϰ߾ͺˡ 
ҿʾ⣬ָԵ˵Сɣ 
죬ôôҲ֪бܸƽƽ 
СɣûˣѵվųԷɣһ𣿡 
ҵͷҡģôܶһأǲҪǮС֪һᱻģҲҲӵ⣬ֻǰЦӣվžͺˡ 
һѱ˹ȥҲߡ 
סҵֻЩֲڣȴůů˾úһ죬˿ 
СɣȻ˾ͶԵǸղҲûԱһԡ 
͵ĻұЩĽ 
ȺܿͰһҿƴڳɸʽ״ľ²˵㣬ͲҶӡ 
ִƽʱҲƴܹϴˣûע⵽˺ҪƴڣǾƴٺÿһ¿ӲȫûǶϧ 
Сɣˣ԰չӴߴҵ 
Ǻ԰ҳô󣬻ûԲǰԹҲвˣɿӺڹֱŤƵģôвˣ˺üζʧԺֻó׷ͷרİ׷ 
12 
Ľݾ佻һۣ⺢̫ˣ˶вͷ׷С۽˴ӣЦġ 
짷͵ЦһͱĽݾ˻ȥί̾˿⺢ӳԷǺܺЦΪʲôЦһ¶У 
ĽݾԼҲΪʲôС³ԷƺϤӹܾǰĻ䣬ƺֻǵϲǴɵһʼС짷ԱʱĽݾ;ʮֺЦ˿̿⸱С͸ֹ̿ 
Ųϰ׷СɣĽݾҪҪǮܼҰֹʱ浹ҲԴȤơ 
СɣԵˡ 
ӰѸֲμЩŵҵæ˵ллӡ 
֪ǿҼв˲ŰҵģҺܸмسЦЦǶԺЦֺܻҵصͷ 
ʽҲ֮ĵһ̰ڵǰҶ֪ҪÿӼлúã񿴳ҵԥӰѼøң˵СɣիĵǺܳģÿ 
ԭҾ¥իһС״ĵģҧһڣĲ֪ʲôģʼе𣬽е̣һ֥ķ㣬ֵڿҴûгԹķζ 
ֵĽзβ֣㿴ǰ˵ͷһչ˵βͣͷģβ̵ģβֿիƵİСɣܻء 
չӵĻҲ˼ʵǿÿųԵġ 
վһԵѾϲ裬Һܴڵĺȥ̵ֱͷæ˵Сɣ´κȲʱҪǵƷһ£˵ġ 
ӵϸЩж˼ϸ尡˵Ҳôͣӿһָ 
ٷԵŵһ٣òߵ극ӵСɣЩҪϲĻͶȥˡ 
ʵʣ˺öģ˷ѿϧأӵĻ۾һ 
ҿȫûȥ΢ЦŵͷϲСҲϲԵĵģø 
С𣿡 
Сõѣչҵġ 
õĻưѵĶ˽ңһ¥ʱҺȻһ£æӣṦѧ𣿡 
ֵؿһۡѧ 
ǰҪѧˣͿڿзȥ 
󣬺ذһۡҲ񣬲ڿзɣ 
Էɶߣ 
Ĳ¥ô߰ɡ 
ǲ˿ԷɵøߣҼɳʵס 
ȻУ 
Ϊʲô㲻ôߣ 
ԶӺչֶЦ⣬ӵȴʼɫǲ˵ˣʵֻ֪ѧĻһ᲻Ҳôߡ 
ӽĻҧġ 
ҷɲΪҲСɣ˵ܷɵúܸߣһɳء 
ҲأҵܾϣҸ߷ԲŸСɵİɣ 
Һܿңæӿ˵ 
짷һܵķ¥ôС޻˵ 
Ҳؿӡ 
ӣ˵ΪʲôӺƵģ 
ᣬСôɰ짷ֻԲѲˡ 
Ӻ滰˼ǰǶģ˵ҿɰأǵڶ˵ҿɰ¸ҲôΪͺˡ 
𣿡 
һͣ¥µĽԣͻȻҡ 
šʶӦһȻ־òԣæҡͷ 
ЦǺˣûʸ 
Ľݾ΢΢һЦǸزסµĺӣ˫Ĵ۾ֱŽƲȴֹװһµӡ 
ӡ 
ûӦѱ˽ԡ 
ô󰡣Ҳ´࣬һůͣɳΧɵģֻ޻ȥģ 
ۡ 
û뵽ӻͻȻ̧ûȣӸǰһΣͷײڽӱϣҿۼֿһסңһʨӹɹĹȥ 
ֹײ۵ĵطʵ𣿡 
ҶͷָҲôᣬҾúʵҺͷѾˣȴֲ˼ڡ 
ӣÿ˶ô𣿡 
Сɲһġ 
Դ룬ʲôһģҪ˵һǱȽϱɣ 
Ϊұ𣿡 
ЦСҲԼ𣿡 
ǰöҶãǰС 
С𣿡 
ֵķʣôС࣬ҵĺء 
Сɣ㲻һĵط 
ҡҡͷǲ 
ƽͷһӣһĵϣֻλƵĸоһ˯ 
ͨԱ׷ģǳԱ˾˯˸оĳֶ 
Ҿ۾ҪǶӿ⸱Ա˯ӣ϶Ʋҵġ 
Сɣ۾Ҫ˯Ҫ˯Ҫ˯ 
ߵĺŽǰҡΣС߶Ƶĵͷڼһ˫˫΢΢СӸбб£ĽݾЦؽҪȥ˵ȥ 
ֵ㣬СᣬԼֻڲߵСè 
ĽݾСɵǱߴһ˿æȥ⺢ӣ˯ȻˮҪ֪Լ·ֵǮֻŵ˵˰ɡ 
һԺıͰ짷缷ҵĿЦõĻĽݾЦĳ嶯 
̻ǺأΪˣŻΪһС˶ʱװ˷ھ¥ɣ⺢ֿı£˺Ǳġ 
13 
СɣѣСɡ 
컹ûأС࣬Ҫң 
Ҳͷƿ֣žߴЦСɣǵˡ 
ԣҪС࣬һƴˣôᣬһ˫ۡ 
ӡ 
ˣ˯ˣҾȻ˯ڶӵĻһæվͷлȴְס 
Сŵ㣬ײͷ 
ӣԲҲҪ˯ŵģҡ 
֪֪С 
ЦŴҡţԼܻسǱ𣿡 
ҴӺŽȥ·ϵõġ 
ҷɿܳ˽ӣǰòԣæתչӺҲ˽ΣںͶ˵Щʲôҳһ¹Ǳȥ 
ǸԶ˵ССӰ佻ɶĽݾЦϲ 
짷̺һԺܰ 
ĽݾЦЦ 
ͦɰģҺ񡭡ͷǮ˵һժ¥ɡһ£ֵû뵽ҥǼԽԽˡ 
짷лشа˵ͯӵѪѾмڷˣĽݣ֪˭ģ֮ 
Ľݾüòľû뵽Ͳãģһܵס 
С࣬С࣬С࡭ 
һѾС༸ٱˣ˶֢ҳţӶ 
С࣬治ǹⶪģֻ뿪һأ˭֪ҷȥʱѾ뿪ˡ 
 
С࣬Ҫ˺𣿡 
 
С࣬ҴˣҴ˻𣿡 
 
ʵû취ֻôܵСĴϣסͷһ£һйȻЧС̺Ƶǽǣַʲô裿 
ίĿСࡣϴǳܺҲ 
һ׳ռ·գȻҶȥˣôû˸ˣ 
µĻԶʡԣһҲڷŽ˶ΪֻҪС࿪˾ʹ硣 
СһĹű죬ֺõĵ˱ӹһֽſԺͶ߽ 
ǣ 
ûµǰԺȥ 
ǣ 
ʣµ첻ţ 
ǡе̣СͷϣһǲΪ 
Уĵȫӵ 
вУ 
ҰԹĿڵС࣬úڰе¶ȫ̹ףΪõֺأ˭֪ƨڵϡʲô¶ܴӦС࣬ôóԵĵģӵ˶ϧ 
У 
Ϊʲô 
Ȧ￪ʼĳ֣֪ԼԣѾСĵֺСˣΪʲôôף֪ϲԵĵ 
ΪʲôǲУ 
С̫࣬ˣ 
СĴصԼϣѱһסԼͷ 
СǺܺãʱúרᣬϲӣҲûҪ˼Һĸĵӵ 
СɣСɡСӱ⴫˽ 
㣬µġ 
СɣҪףǸˣʲôݣ˼ʲôݡ 
ֻǰģʲôϵʡ 
С̾˿˵ˣҲˣԾͳ԰ɡ 
ģжСõģס´γʱʹ 
ﻵˡ 
˳Ĵ˿̧ͷȴСһ޿κεĿ⣬ҡҡͷΪʲôСҡ 
úģΪҵĲ֣ԱСˡ 
ֻڳΧȻżϿƣ˳Զ͸ҵĸ㣬õֺС࣬ϲĵĽзβֻ֣իе˭֪С̺һһĲм 
ľӦģ̵ʲôֻŵɸ 
˵Сʲô취첻֪ȥҲңһµй䣬ųϺ˵Ȥʱ⡣ 
ԤĴϷҲûгɣ˽˵Ϸ˴̿ͣׯˣȻû˵Ҫׯ˾ţֻ÷μϾҪеһȵΧ 
˵ǰׯһ֮ʤ֮ƣλѷһܱĳǧӽϸμΪ˰ص֮ܣׯ޷ᣬĵĪλ 
⻹㣬ڴ̿д̵£ҲĽݼҴСʡ֮ҲƳˣĻ̵̻ģ¹úϲ 
14 
Ҫ˵ΧеϢǾĪڽϵ˵סˣ˵λ˵þʾףһϣʹѹÿ궼ᱻʥȥΪ˵飬νҲ˻ϵʥͰɡ 
Щ˵ǾңԶ飬ȻΪûܿϷеʧЩóԵĵĹãҲͲôҪˡ 
ʱͷϵƲʣҾͻȻӣΪƮ˸Ʋʺأϣһ컹ٿҲͰ˰ɡ 
ÿ춼ϵʵ¸磬һӣҵľͻͻֱﻹкö㣬ΪÿֻһС飬ټ¸ĻͰѵȫ͸իĶһûԹġ 
ҶڣСܵûӰˣһڳżɹ̫ů̫ɹĺŶ 
Сɡ 
ףǮ壬þöûǮˣҼ̿ĵվ 
Сɣɵô۲ۣ 
ۣҸɵúܿġ 
ǮϵķһһģҺȥʲôо 
СɣҴȥһط 
ʲôطҿܣ˵һͷСΪʧ١ 
ȥ˾֪ˡ 
Ǯ岻ɷ˵Ҿߣҿ֣صӣȻЩ棬ȴȥ 
Ǯ˳˺һ·֮һͣ 
ߵĸ¥ͥԺݵúܸûʣһ֪סĵطڲȴǮ乧ׯҰ˴ˡ 
ףԭׯҪҡ 
ţɡ˵Ӧһ 
ǮںһѣҼŽݡ 
ֻׯڴͷţϻ˴ıһμʱϵȣׯɫȥͲ˺ö̷֮࣬ɫüҲţȻûʲôɣȴ˸е£û߽ſڴסеׯ 
ڴЩ̬ӵĲˣҺܻǲǶӵĸףΪһڶǰе־壬Ҳ 
ׯ̧ۿ˿ңȻʵ˵ľӣ 
Ǯ岢ûһֻӦǰǸսŲõСͯϴׯأҼ⺢ƽʱģ԰ׯĿҪׯûȥ˼ҡ 
ҪҪСһ𣬲ŲҪʲôׯأʲôʱմϱˣʶҵ˶֪ģΪʲôǮҪ˵ѣ 
ׯҺȵ 
ЩҰ׵ҡҡҾͺǣľżƵģߵǰü˵ׯ 
ŻҰ׵ҿһ֪ǲǿۣҿׯһץסңҵļסֱӣȻ˵⺢Ӳ°ɡ 
ǮӦһûˣап࣬뵽ҪҲܸСһ𣬲һ񣬲޳ 
̧ͷһصĺԽԽұǶԻǵ۾ţҸеܲе¡ 
Щִҵļ紦Ƶֻһܵ£ 
֪ׯҪʲô̾͹ͷذ壬ֻͷĺļ٣ѱѹֵĴϢǰҲϵ־ҲԽԽҸеǼָѴ̽ 
ڴʱ͵һֽҲط 
ֺϤĿ־壬ǰָо 
㵱ʱʲôûпĺڵĸоһģһ 
ǣǲܵģׯôܡ 
ѱۣǴصĴϢҼóʱһԼݺҧʹͿ־ʹһʱ֮Ҫף 
ܵȴϵһ𣬸еѹڼϵȻһᣬϢͣׯɿ˶ҵĶƣӡ 
ѱ亹͸Ⱦžҵֽŷҿ˫ֳŵعŵģԼһˤȥ 
ɹŲ̧ͷֻŲ죬һ˾ǰ 
ףҸղǮ˵˸Сͯ㣬𣿡 
ׯһƺЩ̫ˣʵӪǱ߲æôпչң 
ӪӦǴˣС˵Ӻʲô١ 
ҵŸ׵ӣԲųչ̽üʱ䵭һ˿ŭ 
Ǹô˵Źֵġ 
ͷӽŴѥ⵽ҵǰ˵ɡ 
лӡҶ߶վãһǿס 
ȥɣòź򡣡 
ʲôûɣ̫ˣӣлл㡣 
ūˡ 
ͷҲû̧һ񣬾æ˳ȥߵſʱׯغһ 
հͷһ̱˺ԶֻǮһȵĹսǴҡ֣æ˹ȥ 
ǮǮ壬ղŴӹȥʰ˵ׯСˡ 
˸߲ҵظǮ壬նյȴ¶һ׽˼ 
ׯô˵ 
ʲôû˵Ǻеˡ 
ȥ֮ǰׯж˵ʲôû˵ʲôˣ 
ʲôû˵͡һֱҵĲӡ 
֪ΪʲôѾߵĻͻȻ 
ˣҸǮһĽݸׯʱҿһĺɫԭָ׵ɫ 
ѪǸָҲǺɫģ 
15 
ܰׯôǹǣղֵľٶ 
ѵ˵ 
һׯôѵҵѪǴӼʱϵѱһ߸ʬ 
ׯŻԴӲŻ뿪 
ǡΪʲôǮһҪҵׯѵҲǡ 
Щ־̧ͷǮ壬ĺܰףһǺܼ֣˿Ҳ۾ҡ 
͡ʲô 
͡ҹţǺϲҵӡ 
Ŷ 
ǮҵĻ󣬱ø׽û˵ʲôҵִߣڻȥ·ϣҸеסҵֻڲϵطŶҵҲ΢΢ 
صһֱǮֵԶˣһŵĲŷ 
Ӻ濴ȥǮıյúһ˺üꡣ 
СɣȥˣСӱæתͷ 
ղǮȥء 
ãղŶСҪͱӹȥһȥҲ˳Щľ̿ȥһòôࡣ 
ð 
Ҷһľ̿СһСסĵطСָŶСסĸ¥˵ǰҲס 
¥û߽һһŽ¥¥أ¥ǸôĻ԰ʹźȴЩ涷ʢţһʱ俴۾ 
СĹ뷿ǲȥģСţ˵ǧ򲻿ߣײҪӵģӦȴΪȻӾͲ 
¥µ˺ܾҲСĵڻ԰תתȥڼɽشˣȻּɽԱ߻еССԲţ̲ס˳ȥ 
Բʯ̳ɵСһŰ߻ƵӺͻЩѩļɽʯȥЩɪǰ˼תأ϶ҪԶһᱻСġ 
׼ȥͻȻһֵӲԶǺķֺӵҺһϾСĶ˳ķ˹ȥ 
һ·ɵСҷԽԽȻһȴͣ˽Ų 
ǰ治ԶĿյϣһɫӰڿз趯ķɶһ˸ű˵ĹâڿвϻתԵҶϮƬƬ£סǸɫӰ衣 
Ǹӱڽз裬·һ㡣 
ƻõľһʱۣŴ͡ 
ͻȻһͣű˵ĺٿȻϮǰһһѵҵ£ĻҲ֮˭㵽ģ 
һʱ伸ΪԼΣżǵĿգҳ˼ĺ 
¸硭 
г潣⴦͸ĺ˿˿ҵɤУʹ˵ 
㡭ĽüϳǰǲǰǸСԺǣô 
ȿȿȡ 
¸ڰѽҵĺԳ̲ͨס 
¸磬ҵˣ㣡ڿԹ̳ǰץס¸½󣬻ϲ˵ 
û뵽¸羹ȻṦƺ˧ҲɣɵһǸҪߡ 
Լ½ץֻСĽЩȻؿǰӣô˼ 
¸磬Ϊʲôһľ뿪ˣҡҡ½ͷþأ 
ʲôϰ߸˽ӴĽƿֻǣС֡ 
һĻϲ֮Уȫûз¸һĲã˵㰡úأҪǺСһСľ̿һء 
ңĽü㲻ң 
Ц䣬߻٩٩̸ֻСһˣӽĪǡ 
ͷһĽץסӵǻ֮ˣһ㱾֪̫Ź֣̲סȷһ¡ 
¸磬ۡ 
۵üĺۣ¸ҲôҪôץң 
ȻָоҺܿģɲԻıʾ 
۵ðСĺӣĽ·Լȷʵ̫æɿ֡ 
౻߬úһȦ¸磬ô󰡣´οɲԲҪô 
ͷָ˵˵¸磬ôأ㻹ءϴߵüҶûü㣬Ҫ˼ָһիĵģúóԵģҸòã 
Ľ¿һ˵ԻĺӡԼ԰ɡ 
ͲϲԵģ÷֡ 
ãõĶҶ¸磡 
˫κ˫͸¶ĵϣĽһ 
˶Ļϴ֮²Ǿ֮ͣʲôӶԼģ 
¸磬ס⸽ɣǲǵҵ㣿 
⺢ӻ֪˭ 
Ľÿ춼жʱڴϲ˴ţ˫ڼͫʣ̲ܾһµͨʱҶڴҪʱ䣬Ϳ 
𣿡 
һϲǰץס¸ֱۣϲ˲䡣¸磬ԺͿԾˣҺÿģҪȥˣСҪҲңһ˵ġ 
ҳ¸֣ɿˡ 
Ľ˼ǸССӰнԶ̲סָǱĵطԼСܽӴǺӷĵ̹ϽĽ 
С𡭡 
16 
ҪС֪Ź֣ 
С߶߶ѵܷӦǺش 
ղŵܻʱСڵˣһȫȻҵķסҵһֻתߡ 
С㣬ǧС࣬ˡ 
ΣܾС಻ϲҽӴһЩʶˣԻǲΪ 
ãҲٴСɿ˾סҶ֣ 
Ϊʲôÿ˶ôҺί롣 
СȴͻȻһۺɫӶóҿϲ̵˵ǶСʹ͵ģСǸܴ󷽵ˣÿЩСƷ˿ǺֵܹܹȵĻ 
ӦţԺζȴ¸Ӱӣ轣ƺƯοȥҲǰռʱԵӢͦΣҲΪʲôͬ´ϣ¸ȴֳ׵أ 
ûҸСིǲסɵЦܺɵ˵˾䣬ԵĳԶˣԵҽɵЦɻأԭסôѡ 
ҳС಻ڵʱСһż򵥵ĵͼ˵һʧʱеͼģСȻǷʶͼʾɣǰһˣҰѵͼһڻء 
¸磬ľֽһ 
ɣС౻ִгȥ£˵ҪԸðĸʽͽ 
ϲԼҵĵģᾭԸ͸ִ˵ϻĽݸĸʦרΪ˵ˣζҲ䣬˴£ɴ˿ɼǺܳ谮ġ 
ҶȤҿĵС಻ڣҾͿɳˣҵǰһߣϾʹö˳ŵͼϻķλȥ¸硣 
ͼҿù죬ԼױΪʲôֻһ飬ļס¥λá 
Ҳǰɣ 
¸磬ˣ 
ڴ԰ʱһһΧûˣұɿ˳Сϴκ¸ĵطȥ 
ɵɵСɵȻûп¥ĽݶСƾԶѩǸССӰΣȻͷסȥʱֵһ 
˴ţҪĺ˭ 
ϴκ¸ĵطû轣֦紵ɳɳ⣬ﶼܼž 
ԭ¸ûЩʧﴧĶ׼ȥ 
Сɡ 
һϤҵһӴӵ͹ᵽƶˣһæĴûˣǰ˼ŷ¸ڲԶһͤ 
ǺǣԭղΪмɽסĹϵûпǸͤ 
¸磡æɱȥ 
¸촩˼ɫۣһܵߣץסʵ¸磬Ӵûң 
Ľ½깦СͤݺòͷԸˣûϰߣȴĻڴ˶යһ󣬻ֻżһĻǲɷϣɵһ·ܹʱȴó 
ҵʺ¸ֻǵһסæ 
¸Ǹܺ˰ 
ʵ¸磬Ϊʲô£ 
ΪʲôҪ£ 
˵ĶҪ°Ǯ嶼أ㴩·Сǻ¸磬㴩ʲô·ô˧ 
ĽΪ⺢ӻһҧԼ˵ԭˣһѪԭ 
ǲһɫʵضȫһҲܸ⺢ӲԺ⡣ 
ҪȲ𣿡¸ָϵĲһ䡣 
ðð 
æѻﴧĶóݸ¸磬ϴ˼ҸҵĵģիİܴûԹԾ㳢 
ĽƳһ۰ǰĵġ 
˺ö˰ɣȥָӲЩ˺ü飬Ķƽʱһۣ⺢һڴԥһ¡ 
ҲϲĶԼ԰ɡ 
ǰҲ̵ĵأʵҲ̫ϲ̫ĶβֺܺóԵİ¸磬㳢úܺóԡβֵ˹ȥ 
ĽЩãϲвˣῴɫĺѲֻõȷ°ɣһٳԡ 
뿴ԡ 
кõĶҶ¸һʵκζ㲻ô֪òóء 
ҿ¸ɫ֮е㺦µذѵݹȥ˻Һеˣ¸Ѿ˵˲ϲԵ 
Բ𡭡 
С˵һ䣬Ȼ󽫷βַŻֽȥ°á¸磬㲻ҪΪÿ˶ϲԵĵġ 
⺢Щ˵ı飬С컹±ţʱҪ޳Ľһ¿ڶʵҲôᣬСɣղ˵ʲôóԣҳ 
𣿡۾һæְֽ򿪣βø¸硣㳢úܺóԣҶóԣÿֻһС顣 
Ľҧһڣķŵʱ䳤ˣѲ֣ģЩճ˫ڴ˫ȴ˵˾ΥĵĻܺóԡ 
Ҿ˵óִӻͳһСӵݹȥ¸磬ǲֵͣ㾭Ļ־Ͳѡ 
ĽֵĽӹȥ⺢ӿڴﵽ׻װŶϡŹֵĶ 
17 
ϴοֲֺܴڣǶ죬ѿӣҸСģܺʹҪǵ 
Ľ̲סԼ֣ǳýĥϼ룬⺢ӲΪɻ°ɣСԴﵽ׶Щʲô 
͸ң㻹е𣿡 
ҿС򣬷һǮ㹻һеˡ 
ʲôһСҪһ¹Ǯô⺢ӾȻ붼͸ 
Ľµһ£ͷģ˼Ķ۵Сӡ 
󵨵ūţȻţ 
ͻȻĺŵһһͷһվŸŷµСһһԻľѣɰӣɰС˿ȴһ˫ԲԲ۾ңָͷǰʢ˵һһġ 
ֵĿܣû˰һʲôϵ 
Ϊʲôţ˭ 
˭ 
ĽݳȻķʣôһСԼǰָֻţС֪ݰɣ 
ҶʶǶС㡭ѾСǡĿ⣬ĽݳǺܴʱĿڡ 
ãҽСɡҺܸʶһѣæãڳԵأҪҪҲһ飿 
ĽݳǿһĵģüడҲŲҪ˸ 
ʵܺóԵӡùְΪʲôҪһСˣҲ¶˰ɣȥģŲҪԡ 
СǣҲϲ𣿲ϲͲҪǿˡղ¸粻˵£æ˵ 
СǺ˿ҺֵҡҡͷôóԵĵģΪʲôҶϲ 
СɣµģΪʲô 
ڳæģû£͹¸졣 
¸磿ĽݳǿԼ磬ٴηһУЩεĿһĿƵԶ 
ԼǸһƣƺ 
ĽݳָСɡ֪˭𣿡 
¸簡ͷ׵ؿСǣʻְ 
¸˭ 
¸¸Сǣ㲻Ҫͬʺüòã 
Ľݳһʲ죬Ķôһ?ѹҲһû취ı顣 
ĵ޷ͬ˷黹⡣ 
صĳ̾һ 
첻ԸԳؼ¸磬ʶһСǣúƯأѾˣСɣЩܽСͺˣһᱻùѪͷҾʹͷ 
ǮׯҲûиСΪ֪˵źã㽲СҲŰɣ˭ׯѪء 
ԺҾʹСܣֻҪСһڣҾ͵͵ܵǱ¸ǡ 
ʱ¸粻ڣСһڣҼҵͬʱǰҶû¡ 
Сǻһ죬ҲЩˮĸȤ£ÿýζ 
˵ׯѽȻΧѾɽϵλȴʼղ뿪ԶҪׯһ£һѩǰܣ˽ﻹΪ˶עȻׯӮ 
ҰЩϢС˭֪ƲƲ죬һ˵ǳǲׯ˫Բκˣ¸˴˻ȴüһԲ¶һҿı顣 
ϣСലϣſǽ죬ע£ɺܿĵСࡣС࣬ҲһעɣѹׯӮ 
ǼͭҲעķĴȥɡ 
˿Сļң˵Ǽҳ㷹ˡ 
С࣬ⳡһ㶼Ȥء 
СƲƲ졣Ȥ𣿡 
ᣡ 
ҪǿУȥ˵ȥ˵ȥʹΪ˵ھĿջԺ⼸˵鳡ӳأٹʱʡף˵Ҳ˵顣 
ԺС˵ҲסأҲҪѧʵģѽѽö֪˵Щʲôˡ 
鶼뿴壿ԹԵʵɻɡ 
ŶС಻֧ҵеȱȱ 
ˣ컹Ҫ𣬿ȥ˯ɡ 
С࣬Ǻþûһ˯ˣ˯Ĵˡ 
˵ûСůĻ˭֪Сһ򣬺ܼ˵У 
Ϊʲô 
оǲУȥ˯ 
СߴţֻòԸػصԼĴϣΪС泯ñסͷȥ 
ˣ˺һֻСеСɣСɡ 
㣡 
ⲻС࣬ȻϾ´еС⣬֪ҪͶ 
ΪСҪ˭֪һ£˳ȥ 
ȥé˰ɣû⣬ۿʼ˯ɲ֪ΪʲôܾĻŻŵģ͵һۣһص¹⣬СĴ̿տյģûл 
ȥ˺ܾá⣬С᲻ҲǸ֣ 
һŲ켱ٴһûü˵һӰٿȻָҵ䣬ҵظҲ˼£ǣұſſ۾ˡ 
͵ͻͻ˵ȻС࣬ǡǮ壡 
ǮٶǺܿ죬ɾٿ죬ҲֹұŵϵζҲǮԼûע⵽ܴһɵ¯ζ 
ɱ18 
û뵽ǮôֵľȻҲ书Ҷôҵ㼸¾˶˵ĹʲôǽеѨǮҵѨʲô 
ۣȻκξֻǮܵúܿ죬ãоһƽڴϣȻԱ߿ʼĨֻ 
һŨҵ֬ϴҵıǮڸҲ֬ˮ۰ɣʲôֲҪϷ 
ǮͿĨ˺ܾòͣ£ָһ·ȻҵͷҲɱıݱһƺǱŮʽķ١ 
ΪֹѳԺǮ嵽ʲôǲׯʲôԸ 
Ǯڴƽźã̾˿ôһ͸ˣҲҶģûׯ᲻ǵ 
ȻׯйأҪҲҪѪ 
һ뵽Ǻںڵָ׺ͱĴҾιȥĳ嶯 
ҲβȥǻûôãнŲ洫Ǯӭȥ 
ׯ 
ôҵʲôׯ̫ˡ 
Ǯ幧صׯҵһСأѰ˼ׯһϲԲׯ 
Сˣ˵ҰɣǮ㻹ῪЦ 
ׯõصǮǲϺͿˣ֪⼸իֹˮôΪŮӣ 
ǣúܲׯֻһ۾ͺã˵ľϲء 
ֻоϲأ 
ҪҪϳ˭ҪҵѪ 
ܼǵõĸ·ɶгصһ飬ϧûһҡ 
ֻׯĽŲԽԽڴǰסҰ춼û 
ׯֻܷģѵ⺢ӵѨ²֪ء 
ǮƭˣļҵĵѨģȻҵԸʲô 
ׯߣǮĻ󣬲̾˿ԣ𷨣յЩŮ鰮ɢˣǮŮͻȥɣԺֻҲҪˡ 
ԲׯұΪϲòԲš 
òǮô룿 
ׯ㡭 
ǮĽдźܹŹֵĲ죬ڵɫһѿ 
ҪƨҲҪҸƯһСҴΪƭׯ 
֪ҵѪҵı˴롣 
ֻһ죬ׯ˳ȥǮ徹Ȼûй뿪ȴߵߣŴ 
ûȻһˮ䵽ҵϣ˳ҵȥ 
ǰɣǮûֺõׯҲÿޱӰɣһˣѿ 
һǮվȥһëʼϲϲãʵԭһ㶼û´ͻˣɾǲšׯû㵱ȣҸͻǣȴȲ㡭ҡûð 
Ǯ壬㣬㲻ҲҪҵòãˡ 
Ҳ֪Ǯ徿ڿʲôڽʲôֻҵúʹҲܵú޳ 
òײɾҵͷҲԭӣҲڼǮһֱڲͣĵĵĲˡ 
ֱ˷оҪһȥ˿ 
ܿͻصҵССһڣΪǮı߽ȥҷŵ˴ϣޱҸϣȻ̾˿ 
ʮ¼£Щǰ»˭ǵãСɣ˵Ҳ˰ɣ 
ǮƺС಻ڸͲ⣬˵껰ת˳ȥűϣҲﰵпࡣ 
Ǯ壬ҵѨʲôʱԽ⿪Ӻܣؼұ۾ȴ˯š 
۾ĸоһǵһᵽԻŤһӣȻ 
˯ŽӿƤɬܿ硣 
ɱСĴɤŽѡ 
˯ʲôʱ򣿡 
Сĺ÷ܲҶ˯ 
ҷ˸һԴдµСࡣ 
ٲ𴲣緹緹ȫûķݣ 
һĻɹҴ˯нгҷЩɬ۾ʵС࣬ȥˣ 
Сһֱڣһû˯ôô 
СĶԵһͣϵɵͿ˰ɣгţ 
ǰҡ 
죬Ͻʰ˸ɻȥ 
˰ԵС࣬Ҽ޷׷ȥ޷Լľ 
С࣬ԺɲҪԹʲô㣡 
ҶڴСжȹܹһ϶ǮţҲֱǲܵġ 
ҺС಻ڣҵĶһݱڵõϢС߶ʽվС԰ϴʱȻ˽ 
СɣǮܼ㵽ȥһˡ 
ޡ 
ӦһҪȥСæץסҵ֡ʶ·𣿡 
ʶʶʱҰŵͼùģĻ᲻ǵá 
Ǯ岻ΪҰɣܾúʲôҪһ̵ı˹ȥ 
ǮķڵģȻ߽ȥ 
Ǯ塭 
һɤڴ͵ɲסŲ˴ԼһС 
һɫṫӴƽڵϵǮվζңȴһԲһذףذۿǮϸոհγģذ׼洦һεѪڲ£ǮϣϣγһʺѪ 
ɱ19 
㣬㡭 
ɵڵѪǮ壬ŵȫֽŶ¸ͣȺɫҵͷ죬촽˰죬˵һ仰 
ƳһذףЦſңҺܳȥȾ񱻶˵ϣŲֵûУôֵؿԽԽһֱߵҵǰ 
ԭ㰡 
ֱҵһźӢҴЦݵӣڵ˫ȴǱⲻĮ΢΢̵Ǽһҿļ޺䡣 
ĿʶҵģǣҸʶ 
ҡҡ㡭㡭 
ȥ³ľ֣ƺòͷˣٿȻյǰ䳰ЦԭǸС˵㿴ʲô 
ҡҡ 
ͷʹ 
ǱմѪذǰҡţҵʶҲҡ㶵ؿòײ³֡ 
ҡҿɲε 
ſϵЦԣҰ죬³֡ 
ԣ 
ͨ 
·õ˴һֵͬʱԸԳ˵ڵء 
ԭʱܹεҲһˡ 
СɣСɣ 
պʹžžžĴҴлѣһۣСŭӡ 
С࣬ӴһۣͱС྾ 
׳գú£Ȼܵ˯ǲǷ򣿡 
ǰС࣬ҿ 
䱻С྾úۣűĶ俴ܡ 
ףôԼķڣǮأԣǸɱ֣ɱǮ塭 
æһסС֣˵С࣬ҿǮ屻ɱˣһ֣Ҫɱҡ 
δ䣬ϱ׼ȷİСһơ 
㲻͵Ȼѣǲˣ 
ǰС࣬ĿǮ屻ɱˣڵϣǰкöѪ 
˵ĹǮ˵ϼҳ˵£ҪȥһˣղŻڸҸʱ²ŸոճأȻ 
 
ǰɣ 
ҲΣҾǿ 
ǮڵϣкöѪǰذ׻ǰȥ 
ôԼҿֵһɱڵģôŹң 
Ҫ˵ΣҲδ̫ʵ˰ɣ 
һں˼أְСһǱ 
ǰװͿɻ֪֪ãҪ֪͵˯ӲŹء 
Ҳǿ磬ɿ´Сȥ˳ 
Ļᣬ͵͵ССǮ£˵ĺСһǮǻϼȥˣǶ˵ģѵҸˣ 
Ǽûиκ𣬼ȻС඼ţ˾͸˵Ļˡ 
ҲãҲãҶҪΪ龰ʵֲ̫ˣʱƣһὥǰɡ 
ʵֻ֤ҵ뵱Ȼѣ֮ļֻҪһۣҾͿǮѪܵվǰŵҸ˯žл㱵ģ᲻ȥ£Ҫ˵ȥ¸ˡ 
˼˵£¹ţΪʲôʲô¶ûҲôľսأ 
һֱҽ²ôɵĶȹ 
죬С಻ڣڳ˸ȥΪܼ¸磬û뵽ʧأСǺźظңΪͻʡףʱ︮æ¸ҲкöҪҡ 
ʵҲףǼӣҾյġ 
СǣҴͷɥߣ·ϣһֻë׵СͻȻܵǰһ 
ֻճõСè䣬ѩףΡΡĺ󻹲ȫȣڼԺ̹һ䱸ӣÿɰ 
ɱ20 
䡭 
ȥץסû뵽ֻվվȵСèӦÿ죬һŤһӾʹּ˹ȥ 
ҪܡҾҪץȥˣôɰСè͸С࣬һϲ 
ϧҵĽкСèܵø죬æ׷˹ȥҲܣһܹüȣһС԰һڵŷ󲻼ˡ 
ŰڵţԥһͣٶȽȥСèӦò˷ְɣ 
ﾲĵģ˵ӦûˣΪһǴյŷ촦˼ۣûˣƿţŵ˽ȥе䡭䡭 
ûСèӰȴһֵֺ䴫˳ 
š 
أеûʹ࣬ҳһ£֪ԼǲǸùȥ 
 
ƺǸŮӵʹĽк񻹴һ˿ϲϷ鲻ԽĴϢ 
úܲᰡҪҸء 
æߵſڣ̽ͷ濴һۣϣܰﵽλĹ 
봹µ﷭׻ӰһŮбڴͷɢң΢ѩ׵ȻĲ濪ڱס˵䣬˸ǰǰζĻζŮ˵ӵļҡ 
ʲôֻһ۱ŵôˣܵ˳ȥŮǡ̧ͷҵĴڣʧ 
֪Ҫ㣬æתͷȾܣû뵽һץȻǰһᣬվסһͷ˵ڵأԴײڵϣһȺСǰ 
˭ģͷæײʹĶͷȥ 
Ѵ·һ·ӸǸŮӣסңɢ˿е塣 
ǸӢˣüߺһ˿ЦݣݵЦ̫ͣǵϣֻ˲ 
һ֮£Ͳʱ˷·˱ѣһֳǵĺȫϮ 
Ǹɱ֣ 
ҲǴģɱǮ壡 
ž 
һصİƴҵϣҴ÷˳ȥ̵̱ģʲô˳˳ 
ıߵūţͷ𣿡бһʵ 
ҼǵҲüǵҵģΪʲôҪװʶ 
ջۣæ߶µعūŽСɣڳµģղŲСߴ· 
ԭǸ۵Сƣߴ·Ȼߵˣ 
վߵǰ̧ҵ°Ͷһ£ЦõϸƤģôǸɵӣ 
˵Ļһΰҵϣһε˳ȥ 
ۣǵû֪۵ᶼˣԭǮСûѣÿӶôġʱΪʲôҪЦأЦÿ¡ 
ūŸսãԲ̫Ϥ·ӲҪ֡æؿͷϣǵ棬ҲĻᡣ 
ЦǸսİǾǻ֪˭ˣãԣҽĽԶĽݼҵӣƽʱ˵ľǿʱ˴㷸ҵĴɣ˵Ҹôͷ㣿 
ĹӣԭĽݸĹӡ 
ĹΪʲôҪɱǮ壿 
ˣҪɱ˭ҵˣҪǲҪɱҡ 
ҲҪֻɰСèڷŹҺòã 
ǵС˵ĹǸɫҪҼжԶͶԶҲû㣬˶ײǰ 
ЦԽǿģҲԽǺ£Ҿʵ֪˭ģֻǹڸè׽Ϸˡ 
ĹתλѴŮʵ˵ҪҪ 
غһѵýүôģȴȫСӸˣүҲ 
Ǹղڿ𣿿ʹĽл 
ֻĹЦ˵ò˵˵Ҫô 
ɲ֪ôôүһ仰 
ĹЦеˣ 
Ҷ̴˽ſͣ£Ը 
Ĺ˵⺢ȥҺݺݵشȻȲʵʹһȣҪǸҷͰһҲöϣ 
֣ղŲһ˶ûôĹһһӻܳôҶ 
ȵȣ˵ʲôҪҵȣ 
ֻߴ˷ѣҪȣɱ֣һɱڡ 
ҲҪˣһºòãҲ˵˰ɣ˵Ҳš 
ҽµӣԳЦү㿴⺢Ӻеɵء 
ĹɵϣɵȴЩջ£ 
Ĺӡ 
ûҿģǼҶ㺰һǰסҵ˫ְҼ⡣ 
ҪҲҪȣС࣬ 
21ǧ 
˷ţҶƵڵأ뷭ǰסҵļͷ⣬סҵ˫ȣҾһֻСڹһ˰ڵأȴӵ¡ 
ĹӣūŲˣūŰɡ 
ĹʩʩȻ߳æڴٲҵȾĻᱻϵģҲҪ 
ĹߵǰһҵԴЦСɵϣûùӰɣ㳢ʡ 
վ˵֣Ҫϲ˱ʱĽк 
˰˰ӷҶ棬Ĺ¿ʼҡȣ󣬶ЦĿҡ 
ףǶ찡ΪʲôĹӻ˰ӣи˽ģʲôӹţĹ㲻㸽ӹţ 
СɣʲôϾҪˣģ 
Ĺӡ 
ҸհĹӵֽгһ󼲷£ŵұ۳С 
ϲûʹĸоۣȴЦĻ֦Ҳү浨Сأӻû¾ͽгǺǡ 
ӻû𣿿ɸղзġ 
ɻĿƵĹŴЦݵϣڹ׽Ūҡ 
СɣеҸұ֤еø 
Ĺӣ飬顭 
źһֵӰһ˹һֱܵĹӵԣЦĹӣ⺢ǸɵӣŸҪʲôԣңʰ 
ִ壿û뵽ִôҪĹͷϵĿеĵλ̺͹ƽƽˡ 
˴£ҿĹӲõüȹǺϣĶţصӣϢͨûأ͸˹ߣ⼰ʱµĻʱ򰡡 
ִ岻ЦĹӣⲻǸմԱ߾ʱɿ⺢ӸսûãǸɵӣǲסʲôأǣһΰɣ⸮µĿɶ֪ĹȣҲõġ 
ӰڸҲʮˣ˵ҿǳ㳴Ĳ˳ģһ¿û˰㵱˿ˣҽ͸ӣ⺢ӣôҲнǸϣҪǴȥЦ 
ˣĻһҡҡŴ 
ǣǳֲãԲ˼˻⺢ӱǱ˵㣬˻ʵ 
ĹӲͷذһ֡˺ˣ߰ɣʡÿķ 
ллĹӣллĹӡ 
ұſڵϣûŲӳϿǵ˼ǲˣû뵽ִôӣ仰ͰҾֻҪôУԺһҪԶԶܿĹӣжԶͱܶԶ 
ִƵĹǰϴæǰĹӹ£ͷллūţūŽһˡ 
ĹһǷѿڴյҵĶýĻ˵СɣǮ㻹ûǰɣǺǣֻǸѵסǷٴֻ 
˵ʱһõЦݣǼ޵Ĺâȴҵͻһ֪ûпЦֻҪлᣬһһңΪǮ屻ɱǸܣֻ֪ 
վںִ嵱Ȼ֪ĹӸҽʲôĹӵлҪ뿪λͻȻȵȣ 
סǣ漴תĹЦүҿСɳôڳҲ϶ɲʲô߻ûиɹʹСˣ£ү˵òã 
 
ִһҪھͱĹӻֹס˵⺢ɵɵģŻ 
ᣬɵӲźùܽүץסĹӵƵҡ£Ĺֻõˣɡ 
ףҡ¾ͿöԷ취ܺأ´Сԡ 
ԣ˼ҪҲҪҪСһ 
Ĺӣ⡭ 
ִҲûͻأĹӺ֪Ȥı졣 
ӣҵҪ˹Ҳϰɣ 
ǲǣ￴СɣĸСɣл 
 
ҺܲԸǰͷ밲 
ִ壬ҲﲻҲҪﰡĹһûɱڵˣҲÿζô˻Һˡ 
СɣΪʲôһҪȥ׷ֻèأ֪֪Ļɱһֻèġ 
ڸִߵ·ϣһԲҲʲô˵ֱߵҵķǰִͣ˵Сɣȥʰһ£ȻҾʹȥ 
ִ壬˵˵òãҲȥ 
ִһۡͿֻǣȨӣ 
ɸղĹӶûҡ 
ɵû𣿲ӴĹӸû㶯㣬ҪԸ㣬Ҫ˵ңҲ˵ġ 
𣿿Ĺӿҵ񣬼ֱ뽫ض죬ôõɱڵĻᣬôŹ˵ҷɱǮʱΪʲôֻŹң 
˲ˣҾĹӵͲ׵ģǲҪǸԽˡ 
22ĥ 
СɣȥͲڳʱôˣҪ¡ 
ִ壬һûлٻͷִ塣 
Ⱥú£ҿʱ˵˵ɡ 
ллִ塣 
ȥɣС໹ڵء 
Сࣿҵɴ۾С಻ǳȥôң 
ҵɻִ̾˿⺢ôôأҪСȥ˵飬ôɹȥ㣿 
ԭСִҵģҲ˵Ѿ֪ȥҲ֪£ 
С࡭ 
߽ʱСʰСҵĴϣҽֻ˵˾䡣ĶҶʰˣʲôʱȥ 
С࡭˵סС࣬ԲҲģҰɣҪҡء 
ʲôǻطСұţҺĴɵϣΪʲôͲʡģ 
ءءС࣬ǲ֪ȥ£Ϊʲôװ֪ҪǲȥһġҲҪ뿪㡭 
С̾˿ߵһȥҾ֪ˣС۾ͲزסܡҾ㲻ȥĻҵУ¸ҪҪĶɣҲΪֱŤ뵽ɵֲֵĺӣǱ£ÿοһĵӣҾʲô˵ˡ 
С࡭ΪʲôҪôã 
Сǣҵ£Ȼ˵ԺҲߣһжҪСŵ㡣 
š 
ȥ;УǲпúֵܴķǱסҲܽҪпգȥϻߣұƽ 
;ȷʵп÷˵ͷ 
УҪ̫ǿ̫ۣԿͷģҲҪ̫űˣû˻Ե޹ʶõģʹ¸磬ҲҪ 
ǡ涵СࡣСࡣ 
СĬã§ͷҵļ̾СɣҲңҲ㣬ôǲǻһȫͬ 
С˵ʲôȴܸеǻΣҲϵᣬֲĸоԺԶٻصСˡ 
Ҹִסĵطִֶҽ뿪 
ΪĹһ鷳ȥ˲֪ԭĸ¥סģֻĹӵϣĹƽʱʵڴޣҰ˿ 
ҲûҺɫ˵̫ë꣬ҪÿһһڴϾʱģض˵ֻСһ׮ҵǰûҹһʱ߸ࡣ 
֮⣬һ֪Ҫÿ¡Ҳ£ںСͬסѾѵɸֽˣЩѾѵĻûأÿ˯ʱᱻ˾Ŷק£Һܿϰֽ𴲵ַµŮʲôĶġ 
𴲺ĵһ¾ǱѸ¥еμذȫøɾֻҪһҳҾû緹ԡ 
ʼҺĵȥɵز˼֮ȴ˵ɾʱڹңҲȻ£緹ûеģȻûҪôڿ졣 
ˮҺˮͰ̫ˮҲǺԶҡҡλεϼˣҲǿˮ׶˳㻹ԶЩˮûжӵĸоˣȨ緹⣬ˮ伢ұĽݸ֮ǰ£û뵽ھȻ¾Ρ 
緹ҳԣȻʳȸСѩĶ಻˶١СѩǰǸˣҵڲֻ֪ճһµСẹ̀ҪԼġ 
ʵ췢¶˵ǸգҲԼĵʲôǺ˵ڵְɣÿĻŻŵֱ֪϶˲ҵģΪʲôҪҵ 
ҵչСѩһ棬߸ϴʲôģϲСģСְ׵è䣬񲢲ϲң˵ܿ־ƵģһҾëֱȴŶ£ǱݵСӸҡڵҿŶۡ 
ҲΪʲôôңΨһԽ͵ľڵһθϴʱĲӰӽ˴裬ô֪ǲӾΪ£һ﷣ʱڵҶվôȥǱӱСѩòȥ 
Ϊֻżĳͷû뵽ԺȻϲϷͽǰ¹򣬻䱾İѵĵ̨ңҸ߾ٹͷͬʱ 
ҳûˣΪһ˼죬һƽȵĸ߾ٵ̨ͨһҵֱ۾ͿʼȥǴƬͱýû죬ҵ˫ϾͶһƬ¾ɲֻ̺ۣóȥˮʱ͵͵ˮһ£첲Ͳ۵̫ 
õʱ򣬾͵ܵĳͷһЩͨ鶼㣬ԲС£ͷʹﾭҾٵ̨¹ʱӺݺݴңǰ֪ӳ֮⣬̾ߵá 
˽Ķ˵С㲻ΪĹŲ߻кö̰飬ٻᵽϴβ֪ĻС㣬ȴҰ·ˣСŻôպҡ 
ǺĸˣͺʱԵĵĳԲʱһˣҪҪԹйҪҲֻܹСѩҪΪҲʹܵȣ˵Ҳܺˡ 
23ż 
֮İҶ˯ʱ͵͵ܵȥߣתۼִֵϾѾʮˣûһС࣬벻ҲãҸ첲ϵЩ̺ۺʹ̺һСģҲСΪҵġ 
¸ﵱȻȥˣ¶ûȥ֪ûңҲСǣ֪Σÿ춼ôңڵģȻ̯ϸӾǲһ 
ϣҷСѩ˯ºΪ˸ֱ̨ͣ﷣һʱǰ·ط˯ˣֻһڴ﷣ҿĵƶˣҲ͵͵ԼСѣʱҲѧˣô죬Բ鿴Ƿ¹ 
ڱһԺͻȻ컹ûȥС౧ƽæѣ´Ͼŵ˳ȥ 
﷢̫飬ҵĵӱǰ˺ö࣬ҹ·ҲûʲôµģȻҹˣϷŴĺյͨһˡ 
˳ųȣһСǿô£ּһСʯӣ¹⣬ϻܳĺߡ 
ˣСܿһļǺˣҶСʯӣ 
ݣ 
ĸǽͻȻ̶ХźһӰǽǱֱһ䵽˷Զʯϡ 
ǰɣΪʲôÿϳЩϡŹֵ顭 
ҹﻹһµĵҴܣһ֪Ǻˣҽҧ͵͵˷棬ô֣㹻ס 
һӰҲǽԾ˹Ӷһǰˣ˷ǿסֱƽԼĽӰȴ߷ƻǰأƺһ˳ȥ 
ѽ 
У磬ĶɲУΪʲôƫƫɵҵǰڿɲװʲô 
ܿϧԷȴѿңԾԣ漴סҵĲӣקǰֽĽݾǰһҾɱ 
Ľݾӣ 
˽гӵ֣ŷֳֽ֮˾Ƕӡ 
£һ°ǰǼ仹һ˿º͵Ц⣬ȴűĺ⣬ǰҲ淭̤¶һ㣬֡˧ 
ȵȣΪʲôֵĳֱңҪɱңҲͬ 
佣˵ĺ⣬ҵͷƤֱ˵ʺûҷӦֻסҲӵȻɿ֮Ǹصȥ 
ӡҾδĽһ䡣 
ϴիһһΪԺҲأû뵽Ǿطô죬һôա 
¶ǳǳ΢Цº͵ҳ޵Сɺ¸ң۾գһ¡ 
¸ңĽ̫죬һӦòã 
֪ǲǱ͵ĿȾҲ鲻Խ΢ЦҲЩǺ죬ȫȻ˽»һˡ 
ȴҵְҴ𴦣ʵСɣô 
ȿȣššܲ˵С໭ŵİɣһᱻЦҲʶֵġ 
ɹ¹⣬Ǻǣɹɹ¹⡭ָָͷ±һԲ̣ɵЦ˵ 
ϸһ˿죬漴ֵЦС˵ܿɰɹ¹⣿Ĵҵǵһ 
Ǻǡ 
۹ƵֽյǱϣ̲סͷȥղű̵ˣ˭֪һѵҵǰҪСɻµġ 
Ǹɵ֮˵ӣôûжѾ˰ɣû뵽ӵĹôߣһоܽأҿǵº͵ӣΪֻǸء 
ЩµӵʵӣǲҪ㣿 
ǰץס˼ֻСӣϧȴһֻĸˡӵͷսû뵽ѵ˾ǡ 
ӡ˵ʲôҾֻקסͷ 
漴Ц˵û£ҪġСɣ¶˭Ҫ˵òã 
ţͷҪһ 
Ǹúӡ 
¹⣬ҿӵֺѽǣҿ 
ӲȥôأʵҲкܶෳհɡ 
ȻӦ˶ӣҵȻκľֻҺͶ˵Сܰɡ 
ϸĽݸÿ˶ԼܣǮׯĹСҲǣ治ôס˵Ҿ鶼ﲻ˵úܡ 
Ҳ֪ΪʲôӺͺ˻ͻȻڷԣǸ˭ʬָ 
ЩûȥʣȻҲңͻĸ¥ʹҴȥˣԺҾʲô֪ˡ 
ԺҾûϳȥţеԼĺܵͣҾûܶ㣬ǧҪȥù 
ֻϧʱ㲻ȥùùҲԶġ 
죬֪Ϊʲôջ緹ûҳԣҶͷۻֻòܵȥˮ伢 
һڵذϸСѩëദʮ죬ֻСèҵӡȫûиı䣬һҾͶͣҶµĪ 
Ҳһֱڴ£Ϊֻһ£캮ضģǺģСѩëûҲӰ 
СɣҪ 
ΪСѩԻ󲻽أͻȻĶ¥ϻһ 
ݾ֪ڽˣ͵͵̾˿ 
25 
ױ̨ǰ˰ѽŷβĶ־һöͭԼķʽһۣصСɣٷûԣû뵽㻹ôо񡭡 
ʲôЦû˶ڻƣʱιȥĿ𣿲źʮˮԣ㾫 
߷߲ƽţȴֺõС㣬뷹ԣūž͸оˡ 
ȻЩǿͨͷûóԵ£ǲʲôġ 
ߡԷǾ͵϶Եˣһеƻᣬү˵Ҫȥء 
ǺǣԭҶڣǲ˵ҿԳûȥС¸ء 
ߺ¥¥¶úٲһ飬Ҳˣƺү˵ᵽϢҪˣͲǱöôˡ 
ĹҪ 
Ļҵͻһ 
Ҫ˵ĹˣϢҲƺҶɻŲ˵һҼ˵Ĵڡ 
ҷ㶵ӣﲻõص㵽û˵ʲôôǴɵɵģ˿žķ 
æӵĻūˣūһӴɨøɸɾġ 
УүҪԶ͹Զǵү졣 
ӷģūһԶԶġ 
⻰˵ԣⱲӶټĹ 
ҵСӦĵͷתױ̨ǰߴԼʵСɣ˵ҳúÿ𣿡 
С㣬ܺÿ 
ҺΪʲôʣȻûСǺÿӦƯ 
𣿡 
ġ 
ôһ˵ͻȻԹΪʲôүң 
Ϊʲô 
һԹӣ̲ס˵С㣬ҪСϵķͿЩüٵЩָײҪͿô죬ĹӡӴ 
û˵꣬һʢ۵Сӱ㱻ɹҵĶǰ۵ҽ 
ʱҲ֪ײʲôаҿŲǱײǱ˵ʲôΪСãὨ 
СūţƽʱǶ̫ˣھȻҹңվ 
С㣬ūô㰡ūֻǡӴ 
ұ⣬ùǽǵشҵļϣҺĻ˻ȥ 
ý㣬ӡ 
Ҹ뵽һɨǺ󱳣۵һ顣 
ҴСūţ 
ŲϴҶֲҶ㣬ֻİţֱ 
СɣõùΪʲô˵ʵҲҪ 
С㣬еƻᣬ㻹Ҫʰźȥ㹫ӹƻأŸ˼ƽϣѵˡ 
ĶùݺƵһߡ 
ҽҪСūţҿ˭еٸ۸ң 
ͷشл뵱һƷͷƵʱ򣬲֪жٴٹֺңңˣԼ๫ҷϣСūҲҼЦңʲôЦңЦЦ 
ҲҶֻԴƾˣĵطҲʹˣԴǧܱѾܱˣٱø 
Ǿϲŭ޳ĳ˵ģ㲻ղ黹ͦõģôͻȻͷƱɫˣ˵ûЦͷβҾûЦ 
ʹ 
ͷסˣֱۼ米ӱˣرݣƺ뽫ҴԹһֱûԷԭǲϴʹǰһΡ 
ס֣ 
֮һȽĶס̧ͷ͸ֱֻۣһӻӵĹסڿС 
Сǡ 
Ҽæ۾ûɣüëһŭݵŮȷʵСǡ 
Сڷ𣬸ҸǽϾᱻӵģɿ 
һûüڣͼɫһ䣬ǱŭݶʱЦСǽЦҵ˭أԭǳǹﰡ²ôпյ 
Сûɿס֣ʵСɣô˵زأ 
ҡ 
һûشأﵹЩˡ 
Ӵô˵ģֻǽѵūż£˵ʲô˲˵ģ 
СŭǽѵСĽݸѵūʲôʱôصˣ 
ҿｩϵЦݺεŭ𣬲µСǵ˵Сǣû£Ȼȥɡ 
ʹһˣҲ˴򣬿СҪΪҸִͲǰôˣһŮӣܰʹ 
ҵĻСһŵұ죡ӽû𣿡 
ת˵ҿҲȱ֣ȻôСɣôҾͰߺˡ 
С˵꣬סҵҪ뿪˭֪ȴס 
С㣬Сүʵģôһ仰˴ߣϰɣ 
СЦҾĽݳ»û˭ҪǾòƽȥĸˣȥ˵ 
ЦڳŲȥˣҲЦƵصС㣬㲻Ҫ̫ô˵ҵĵطҵ˲ú£ҹܽʲôԣСΪ˸С˶ôĻЩˡ 
ˣôԽԽףﻹСС㣬С˵Ľݳǡ 
ĽݳǣĽݼҶСҲĽݳǡ 
ͬͬôɰɣ 
ҺɵĿСǣһӻӣ滹˼ɫ磬߼ҲǴ񶣵ģƽʱװȫͬôҲѾ 
úñȻû뵽СǾǶСĽݳǡ 
ⷬСüãȻô˵ģ˵Ļһúõһֲתĸ磡ƺˡ 
㣡 
ۼѰѹסŭһֱһԵĶæǰסȰǸСˣûҪΪСȥֳСЦС㣬дҪǼСһʶ 
СǺһҲһʶģҪҹȥ 
Ķһţȴû˺þãҧҧǿЦС㣬Ҹղ˵ֻǾЦˣϣҲɲʲôҪǾúʾʹߺˣүƽʱôæСֵֻĵģ˵ǲǣ 
СǼþգЦǾллˡ 
˵껰һһߵҵˡ 
26 
ұСŵײײĳĹ뷿һ·ȥæʵСǣĽݸĶС㣡 
СǳһЦСɣ㻹̫ 
ҷ˸ۣ㶼һһĽݳǵĽˣﻹôҾٴҲ뵽ˡ 
СɣʱһֱûȥʼһΪǳǱæ߲һ£֪㲻֪ôĵĸ磬ȥСˣǸСϲŭ޳ǳģҺõ۸Բû뵽ǸŮ˾ȻôŰ㡭ˣ 
ٴͲʲôСǣ㻹ûʶء 
СǣҪȥҪĹ֪ˣһĲҵġ 
ģǸʯͷԼĽţִ˶ҲûʲôôҴȥԺĸ֪£Ҳֻܸʲôġ 
磿 
㳯˼ĺ¸簡Ǳڶ֪¸絽˭ 
 
ԺһƬңʱ˶סˣ 
¸ӣôܣ 
ƽʱ̸ֹһΪʹӣòͶӻмƣֻһһºͣҾȻɵΪǸĻԺǰô˵Ц 
СɣΪʲôôͿ˵Ľˣôû뵽ӡ 
ԭӣǸ߸ϵӣԶҲӰ񡭡 
Сֵؿľҡ 
СɣڼأϾͿԼιû°ɣðװ 
Сǣ԰ҵسسǱߡ 
ڵӿ϶㲰ɣ⸱ģôȥ¸磬һᱻЦ 
СɣûɣسͲ鷳Сǰһۣɷ˵ץסҵֱǰȥ 
Сǣɿˡ 
Ҳɣ㲻֪֪ʱ㲻ڣж㡭 
⻰ҵһ¡ 
¸Ҳ΢Сˡ 
ǲô˵СǵĻҺܿģҵžͺˣʵ𣿡 
ȿȣС 
ûע⵽СЩԥɫһ뵽Ҫ¸ˣͿʼ˷Ҳͻͻͣ 
СǣɲԲҪô죬ҵֶĺʹϵ˻ûء 
Ǻܿʹ¸羭Ƭ֣һľǰͥԺҲµ˺öӣµĳϻһܹ٣Ե¯Ћ𣬿¸ոڴ˷١ 
Сǻûݱе磬ҰСɴˡ 
뵽Ҫ¸ˣͻȻЩҸС߽ڣִȹյ䣬һݱ¸ǰǽü𣬲Ŀһ˿졣 
¡ӡ 
ѿڶĻʱ˿ڣ¸䵭ɫԼݣҲеĳƺжͻ 
СǸղںҿİɣ¸ͲңûмҺӦеϲãʵÿμ棬Ҳ⸱ı飬һֱһڸ˿ģҾһСһƴǰԼע⣬¸ֻżŻӦһ䣬ұΪԸ£ڲʵֻǲмڸ˵ˣΪֻһС˶ѡ 
ﲻЩѹһηҺ¸̫֮ĶҸͲܿ 
Ľû뵽ûͻȻСɴɫЩ԰׻˼ĺӣĽЩǲǸʮǰԼǰЦ̸Сɡ 
ûԺһʱһϲúͼС˲԰ڽӺӵҲһԣĽµͻһ 
ʱ亢ӹòΪʲôŲ԰׵Сд˾ƣǳСĽͷһȥϧĳ嶯 
磬ҸǸСҪˣˣҲûСˡ 
Ľ°סķҵ飬ЩõĿһۣ˭Űģ 
԰Сɴˣαó޳ǸСôͲ֪ĺ 
Ե޹ʰСɴĽԶ檴ôĽԶҿСҲ֪ǵݣԲŻų飬Ľ±ЩĸӲ졣 
Ҿȵؿ¸磬ȴͷתСǣٿһۣСǵô䣬ЩͷͻȻԼɵȻСǵĻӣ¸ôң˼ô߹ˣôܻҷϣ 
ֻСԱ߼ص磬㲻֪ҸղŹȥʱ򣬼ǸںĴСɣѾס 
ҲСΪѣæҪ˵ȥĻԼûú²СģС£ӣԲҲǹģҡͻȥ 
ٿ¸磬ҵͷתߡ 
СɣСɡ 
СеĺУǰȥ仹ǱסˣСǵô󣬽˸ 
ۡ 
קסĸ첲һʹ̲סüСǱҵıһæɿּеصСɣҲǹģû°ɣ 
û£û¡ 
ʹͼҵʶģСǵӰǰεԽԽǰһڣǰȥ 
ʶʧȥ֮ʱҸоĲʯصıһֺů౧һֻǿĸ첲סңҽ˻С 
磬Сû𣿡 
ĽݳתȦõضڴߵĽ˵㲻ãȥСɣҪȥͲᱻСɻôں㣬ȴһ㶼 
ĽŻڴϻ˯ĺӣõĳ𲻲һ䡣 
ʵûаӷϣʱ䣬С޳۾ǰζǸϲס֣ŴĺӣǸȻ˿ηĿȴܻӶЦĺӣѲ֪ʲôʱ߽ 
ǽ˱ĵҪĽºǸͬĸĵܵĸԣгǸֻάűϵĺƽˣĽֻ֪ҪлᣬԷʱһÿ춼СĽĴŸϵŲߣѾۣΪһСˣŪ˲ϡ 
֪Сǳײĵܲűȥģǣ̫ĸ飬Ҫǳ⺢ӻޣΪĵܷ 
ɷſССӵʱĽ¾ȻƲסԼԾȥ֮ǰӱ˻ 
СɵģˣСС̴ĻСèһϢĽƽͷһθܵʹζʹһһشԾţҵĲ֪룬һֻ뽫Сӽӵڻů 
ΪʲôͻȻεôͲ֪úչԼ 
ðѴСεʱĽŷֺӵص˺ۣЩˣˣײˣµ࣬Ȿͺܰ۵ϣԵþ˵ĴۣĽ¼Ʋסеŭ 
Ųʮ죬ǸŮ˾Ϊ˺¾һĥڴˣ 
ĽݳҲһĴУôôݶҸղžͲôĹͷһҪĸ 
겡ֻ˵ۼȣټŰԲŻᵼ»ʣֻҪԼӵָܻĽݳߴ˰ѵĶڴͷСɻһֱ˯ţƽʱԵĵĴ˿̺ʧȥ 
磬ҪҪٽдСɶ˯˺üʱˣûġĽݳתʮȦֶһԲĽ˵ 
ãСֻ̫ˣӦûѡ 
ĽŲ԰׵СӻУĽë΢ĺţǱܺСڸɺԵ촽΢΢ſ¶ɰıݡ 
ĺӣôɰǸŮôôݵ֣ 
ǰСɻޣȥĽ֪ԼĴǲξĵܷҲҪԼ֮¡ 
Ľݳһ𻨸յСǰػζﻹ˵СɣСɣʲôϲĹ𻨸Ⱑ벻ԣԾͿ 
ҪﷳСɣҪû£ȥֹܼ˵һٸͯСɣǰǱҲͬˡ 
ĽݳǱͻĻһ漴ϲ磬ڴӦչСˡ 
絫ЦֽеҾ֪ʵҲںСɵģСɣ˵ʲô𣿡 
ó 
üͷñԴסȴƱסһ㣬ӲӲĶˣҷŤӣžͱһůĻͬʱһڶԻСɣСɡ 
ܷ۾ӡϵ¸罹ĵݡ 
ԭ¸Ļ㣬ůְͣĵҵӺȻĿǰĺ 
ֻСһϲСɣˣҾ֪Եûеֿģ벻Զ׼˺öóԵĵӴ 
̧ۿǰȸԾСǣԼε¡ 
⣬ǲ˺ܾãǱ߻кöҪҲٴ 
¡ӣСǣԲҲǹεģϾߣ 
ѿ¸Ļֱӣַϵı죬ҴûмỬҲô󣬽˿еĴб͸һ˿㣬¸ĴɣҾȻ˯¸Ĵϡ 
СǰĹ𻨸ҡ㲻ٻǸŮˣղ˵Ҫͯء 
Ҫ£Ҿ̧ͷ¸硣 
żʱǺģΪСǵҵİɣʵ¸ϢѾܿˣôô֪ȤƤ 
ӣʵҲͻȥҲٹ鷳ǰ¶ԲұĲ֪ӣôԺ󲻻ôˡ 
СһЦСɣëǸĲ˵ģֻҪ粻ˣ֪֪ղͻȻεжൣ㡣 
Сƭˣ¸Ųᵣء 
ҴͷԲֻǶ˰ɡ 
ֻ¸С˵¸û꣬ҽ»ȥ 
СǳͷЦСɣϢҰºͻ档 
С˳ȥҾ͸Ҷ¸ߣ߬סĹ𻨸⣬Сض˵ѾûԶˣӰ͸Ұɡ 
¸ôûϢǶĺöθҲʹҪ¸粻ĻҾȥȼˮ伢ˣ߻űҲУСҽ伢Ĺ£С˵Ӧðɡ 
ðûӦҵͷ͵øԼǶôĿЦĽ𻨸£׼´뿪 
ͻȻһֻȦסң˶ǸҳԾ̧ͷ¸˫Ư 
ӡ 
˵ʲôҪ˵СɣӽҵͯòãҲ㣬㣬㻹ǰֵġ 
ǲǶˣŻֻ 
¸ģô˵ʱκθ飬ڣ˵ģֺ˵úܼᶨĺýҿҳԵţ 
СɣСɡĽһ⺢һֱûлֶ˰ɡ 
ӣҲʶ֣ͯġ¸ؿƵ˵ 
ͯҲҪѧʰԼҲд 
¸ݸһЦСɣ¸磬ǰǰоͿˣ㲻д֣ҿԽ㣬ʵдֺܼ򵥵ġ 
¸硭 
һжΣ¸ůĻ뵽ΣǾԶҪˡ 
СɣԶɣҪٶˡ 
¸ӻЦҵʱ쵽˲ٺ¸ӣһæǿ𻨸ͷڳ 
СɣºˣԺÿ춼ˡ 
СǺǰһ߿ҴڳԷһߺŲˮ졣 
Ҳû棬¸ͯҪһ顣 
ҲСǣǵͷԷͬһ仰˵˺üˣһء 
Сɣûģ˭ӻȳģ˭ȥܼ˵Ҫģ㲻ҪǳԺòã˵ 
ҲҪԷء 
СǺ˿ڲˮͻȻ۾תʵСɣ˵ôͷǸŮˣ 
˵ҾʵҲͦģҪΪˡ 
СǰһҵĶͷСе˵СɣǶͿˣ㿴㶼ˣȻ˵ 
˵Żұ۵䣬߰ߵ˺̳ǰƿСǣͿҩˡ 
Сɡ 
СǻҪ˵߽¸翪ֹסСǣµΪֹٺ֡ 
СǺܲԸĵͷҾ¸簡һ仰ߴߴС죬Ҷһʱˣ¸ĸʱһ䡣 
Һ¸˯ͬһŴϣһ赹ʱ˯ŴʵרС˯ĵ̣¸˵̫ҵ飬˯ 
ıҾƵߣͲ¸˯ˡ֪¸ÿºģҲҵҲú溦¸ 
Сɣƣ͵ȥˡһֻסңһֱǰ 
һӿô˿˿絽ϵҶʱߺҿʲôҲ¸ǰţһ㵥£ҵĺ󱳿ĸоǼʵСӵͬ¸ôʵӲһҰ̤ʵˡ 
һֱԼϲӵߣʲôҶĸԸġҵҪһߣֻϣһֱ¸ԣСͯӣů 
һʱѾ¸Ͳˡ 
Ǵ̫ů͵ԵʰɣҾȻ˯¸ʱ뿪Ķ֪ 
Сͣһѵú磬˵Ӧ÷¸ϴģбĻСˡ 
СǽͺҲף¸ÿ춼ú磬֮Ǵʹ⣬ǶЩܷ飬ҼʹҲﲻʲôæ 
¸ȻеΪǳ͢٣·æûʱḮ£ӵ֯ǺĽݸȫֿģҪԼƽʱٹĹҲԼһ⣬ϲ߻ظҹǸµˣĽݸµȫ¸һˡ 
£Сץҿʼϵر죬ǸСѾͷ˯֮⣬ûŹͨСǣ֪һЩõ顣 
ԭͬĸãСǽúʹϷӺ¸ֵܣΪϧ˺͹ˣĹӵĸˣǰҲˣڽڵľֻдˡ 
ׯǰ˳󲡣֮ͿʼƽʱǺʹһ𣬺ٳˣǰǶˣ˵λ˹ɫһ㣬Ȼȥ磬ׯǰݼڣҶɽׯ󲿷ּҵ¸ϡ 
ǵĹϵøӣ˰ҲûŪףЩ޹أҲȥˡ 
¸ûгţҴȥ鷿˵Ҫд֣Һÿģǰд¶˵붼ء 
鷿ܿǽǵŹٺң̴ľܿǽڷŸ飬ǽϻźöֻ 
۵ᴥһ飬룬ѧʵ˾ǲһЩֻǿͻͷۣ˵ȥѧˡ 
ǽϵһʱҺֵ˵¸磬һҪſڲܱаҵλòء 
 
ûӦһعͷȥͼ¸һĹŹ֣Сһ֮£ͻȻ䱧Ц 
СɣĿݣȻ˵ɵЦˡ 
29 
¸ϺҲеСʺȥҾ֪Լ˵˻˼ĿƵһߣԲ𡣡 
СǷЦȴҸΡ 
 
¸ǰ£οҵҪСǣ֣Сɣѧʲô֣ 
ϲ¸Һͷ˵ѧҵְɡ 
ܼ򵥡 
¸ĥīȻվҵ󣬰һڻסñʵֿʼ±ʡ 
סҵֺֻô󰡣ейůģ̲סͷ¸磬дʱרעҺԡ 
СɣдʱҪֽţĿߣ㿴ҵʲô 
¸ЩŤ 
¸磬㳤ú˧뿴 
Сɣ 
¸ѵҲС죬ֽϳֵǸָһͷ̲סеǰɣ¸磬㲻˵ֺܼ򵥵Ϊʲôôʻ 
ôһ˵Сæ˿ 
ǰСɣҾúܼֿȥֻСһɣ׼ǡ 
ҸӲס 
ΪʲôһҪֻСҪɵĻһֻ͹˰ 
 
¸͵־дģųɷɣСɣ֣Ҫס 
ɣһɳ˼𣿡 
¸类ͻȻķŪһ㶣ССɣ㻹֪һɳء 
ǰΪʲô֪˭˵ŶˣϴӶҽ 
۶ŰֽǸںڵĴ֣ƺıֻСǰͣķɣЩΣͷҲʼʹ̲סס˶ͷ 
쵽ҵĲԣ¸æʣСɣôˣ 
Ҳ֪ҵͷЩʹ 
ǣϾͱ¸籧סͻصңڴϢ 
˵Ҳ֣뿪鷿Ĵϣͷʹʧˣҿһĵ¸Сǣܲ˼ĺҵͷʹѾˡ 
עѧԵģÿһҵͷεģʲôֶдãΪ˻СǺһЦ˵ⱲӶѧд֣Ǹ˵С˵ 
ʵҶԻ᲻дֲ̫ϣôʣҲȥ 
ȻҲУǺĵģÿ¸òͣů¯дʱĥī¸ǿīĥĺã˵һǸְܳͯȻСܻںļһ䣬Ͳдˡ 
СǺ̸һʽк㣬˵Һ¸ʣҺϲʣǱԭСÿζҵĳЦ 
죬¸鷿֣һΪĥīŲ죬Ц˽ 
磬ղ 
ôЦҲ̧ͷҲ֪˭ˣ¸һİҽӵĹӵȻưոݡ 
̧ͷĹҡȣЦŷ˽ЦƳƳң۲ʵĺҲһȴתͷȥЦ¸һҾ 
ԭīǺˡ 
¸ͷҲû̧صĵܣ㲻Ǹһ⣬ĸôпܹ 
Ȼ¸⣬Ͳ³Զ˳š 
͵͵Ĺһ䡣 
磬˵ﻰҲãҲãĽݼ׬ǮֵܣѲ㻹Թң 
ҡ 
ĹӺǺЦһ£һ۵磬С˿ǲۣпˣѵ趼֪һ𣿡 
ҿ¸磬ûķԸҲ֪òڿ¸ͷ֮ȥ׼ˮ 
Ĺò衣 
ҽ˫ֳʵĹǰֽӹͻȻһ趼õϣ̵Ȳȫǰ½󣬰̵һ 
ڹ۸ҡ 
ûҷӦһƾͺҵϣʱҵİľ 
ҺܻĹǲǾ˰ƣϲʹӣҪ˦ƵĶôô˳֣ 
趼òȣūôµģ绹̺Ȼľͷ 
ôòȲ裿ϹӶܿ򷭵ģȴҡ 
Բūȥ²衭 
ˣ⸱ܸʲô 
ĹֻҪٴȴ¸ȵĵܣ 
Ĺӵַ¸һЦ磬㲻ҪҲӣūŲ¾Ӧụ̀ܽô᳤ԣǺǣҵ֪ôСūţֲʱ丮¶ڴţ˵ū˯һ𡭡 
¸ɫһ䡣ĵܣֻ˵ЩĵĻǾذɣںæûոġ 
ĹЦվ 
ðɺðɣǹ£˳ģļҳû뵽˽£磬αΪ˸ūŪֵء 
Ĺ˵⻰ʱֽĿͶϣԵԹҺܲ⣬ײɱĻ֮⣬ʵ벻Լʲôպ޵¡ 
ˣǱ̬ģóƲ⡣ 
ף̬˭ҵģСࣿСǣǵˣĽԶǡ 
ÿζ۸ңҾԺ󰵵ͲٳƺĹӣֱӽֺ˩ĽԶ 
Թ޵ضסͬʱҲؾվһߵüĿȴ֣˸Ѫͷ 
磬ȻôæҾͲˣпֵٺúġ 
ĽԶ˵Ż⵽ǰǱ˼£΢ЦСɣڱĵطúźӣԼݣ 
̬Ц˵ģͷǼ¿治ʹ 
ҷ߷߿ҡﳤȥȴ¸󵭵ĥī 
¸磬Ĺ⣬ֶôΪʲôһ㶼ںĥīܲɵ˵ 
ĥīҪģ¸ͷû̧˿ΪղŵĴŶ졣 
¸Ҳٶ˵ֻͣĥīȴ͵͵ĽԶһֱܻ磬һ䡣 
¸ΪʲôҪĽԶ裬ҳڣ͵͵ȥСǣ֪ĽԶʵӣӹϵȴΪ¸磬ԣΪׯѲҵ¸ϣԲŻĽԶôɺްɡ 
СǵĻĥҪ´ټӣһҪһ£ô˵¸ҲֵܣûɿԼĵܱܵ۸ȴӶɡ 
¸ͯлܾܵ»ˣɻһζûС࣬ҺܲģǸС࣬ÿƽ˭֪ûļǺţ 
һСͻȻҴ˵ﲻ֪ΪδӶ¥ˤһˤ˲˵¥µĻݸ֦ˣ˵úأֻ¾κãǱòҲˣĹ˵ûȥѰٻֵòɿ 
ҼСǰ˵Ļæʵǲģ 
СһСɣôô룿ֻ˵Ҫѵѵû˵Ҫƽʱϲ¥ϵˣ˭֪˵ľͷ໯Ųסӣˤ˵Լù 
𣿡 
ҲͦģȲ˵ֻˣԼ๫ȴ֪Ǹ¥ȥأôأ 
ţСɣǸѵסǧҪˡ 
¸ܹȥϢ˭ֻ֪˸ͷڰֹٽȥ˵ԺҪᡣ˵ʱɫĮǳʱ䵭ӣ̬Һܲ 
ʱദȻ¸һֱҺܺãʱҲҿЦ˼ʱҸоһҸʶˣż˼ضסʱ˫ڵ͸ź̶޶䣬ҿ͸澿Щʲô 
ڴϣ¸ֵû§˯Һ뿿ȥһֱĬҴͷ 
ʮƺϰ˯ˣ˽ʵŸҿҷ˺üԺ磬㱼һ֪̾һԼΣΪ¸Ǿ̾ˡ 
ŻС˶֪ѽ磬¹⣬Ľϸϸźӵ˯գ˵СӰ·һʵ⣬Сż΢һ£촽źһһصģ˵ˣĽ¾̲ס̽ǰźӵС죬һ˱㴽ͱݡ 
˯е˶һĽ͵ؾѹӣɺá 
úĽ²ǵǵڼˣӿʼͬ齶ʱĳ嶯ֳ嶯ң޷סԼŵֻ뽫⺢ѹйе 
ĸоֲ̫ˣԴʶӣԽԽҲԼģһȻȥ˼Ǽε㰴סŵ˯ԼͬôеĳƺԼ 
ټĻĽ¶֪Լʲô 
СǺܿɰȴǸ΢СˣôǣסԼУһ¼С˷ֺ˵ĹϵҪԴĳŶԹ°ߵĽ˵붼롣 
ⲻǸһףȴ׹µ 
Ծɶǰ⸱˯գĽ±ЩȻ˫Ӣϸһ˿ӵ⡣ 
ڶһ¸Ѿˣһ˳Թ緹飬СΪҵģæܵǱߴǺš 
ûܽͿһڷ£˸֦ڵϻʲôϲУС࣬С࡭ 
С̧ͷܹЦվ 
Ҵ˵СĻ§סһûСˣӻôģģҰͷСľţϵؽУС࣬С࣬С࡭ 
һǱ׼ȷĵϣС֣ѱᶼϣ 
С࣬Զô 
Ҳ˵죬ɿ˽סС֣Сȴ˫ְסҵļ´ҡ 
Сɣһ²ô 
С࣡ 
ҲˣСϻһ˿΢Ц¡أ˰ɣ 
ҲûôС§סСܿĵ˵С࣬Һ㣬Ҿ㱨ƽģɴ㣬ʵңûһļǺţ 
ô᲻Сһۡ㶼ӵͯˣôһû 
ڨڨЦС࣬ԭ㶼֪ˡ 
ﻹĸطϢȳø죿 
˵Ҳǣÿ˵ѾͷмʮλϢıȷ綼Ѹ١ 
СҵҸ첲Щ˺ۣʵ𣿡 
ͲˣǵʱҲôۣÿһңҾͷſɤŴ󺰴УӳͲطˣܵûԣÿ϶ˮ伢 
ˣôʵ˵ˣСǰԶزסܡ 
31 
ҺСûֻǵ˵㻭ߵƽģνƽ𣿡 
С࣬㵣˵ûҽĻҪʲôļǺš 
ž 
Сİһϡôһᱻ 
С࣬ۡ 
ؿСװͰ͵һòײܼһ棬ΪʲôǶִģ 
죡⸱Ͱ͵ı飬װװ 
ףжСѲ̫ˣҵķȡͬ顣 
ûעС̣СעҵӣòʵСɣú𣿡 
һ˵¸磬˷ 
ţӶҺܺãӲңҲҸʲôػеҪҿСңСǾǶСĽݳǣҲرãһСӶûУС࣬ҪǼһϲġ 
ûСһį²ؽš¸硭 
Сһüʵ¸磿 
ǰӾ¸磬ʮ·ʱһؼҵ¸簡ʵ˺ܺã¸书Ҳܺã轣ʱ˧ᵯ٣壬鷨ȻҶдЩʲô 
СɣСͻȻҵĻʵǲĺϲӣ 
 
СһеģҶʱߺͰ͵˵ҡҡ 
ϲڽʱüɫģ۾⡣Сסҵֺ֣ص˵СɣҵģҪȥϲ˽֪мҲᣬҲһ֡ 
С࣬˵ʲôҸṵ̂¸ǮһǮûУҲһ𣡡 
ôͲףӣֻʱѰĵ߰ˣϲ㣬㣬ûжʲôص£ 
ʲôص£Ҳ̫ס 
·ˣ㡭˵Ƕ˯һ𡭡 
С࣡ 
ԺϸֳĽԶһĻȻԼСָ 
û뵽СȻǣҶʱǺеҺ¸֮װ׵ģǿ£ 
Сɡ 
С࣬Ϊʲôô¸磬ǸˣദȻ֪ 
СЦ˺ã죬㼸ĳԣ;ãҲŪ˭ã 
С⻰˵ʵ̫ˣɿ§ס֣վŭ˵ûУҲں˵ʲôǲ˵¸Ļ 
û뵽һײСɫҲվСɣȻΪӷƢ 
ˣҺСŪˣҽͰ˵Ǹ˭֪СȴȵҲգȻ˵Ժʲô˵ˣԼΪ֪ɣ˶٣̾ҲϣԼˣ 
С࡭ 
С಻ңתͷҲﳤȥ 
вסڻͷϵСֻ࣬һ˴ڷ£Զȥ 
ЩܣҲ÷СƢģʵ֪ǵҲŻ˵Ǻòײżһ棬ȴΪҵԶŪòɢ 
һҶúܲģ¸᲻¸緢ҵĲԾԭҲƲֵظҸСೳˣСԺܶҡ 
ȥǸǲõ𣿡 
ǸҲûá 
ҾٱҲ֪Ҳٸ¸һ𣬷Сһҡ 
ҲôûôСӴյһܳʲôܣ 
¸£ִϽһ˵𲻸ˣСɣϲϲ 
̧ͷһϵɫϵİɫ׹ǰζһֻĺæϲؽ˹ 
Ư 
ǿɺ״ĺСɵ׹ԲӨֺУ׹̵ĺܾ£ֵĸһҰźĴ룬ܿĵʵ¸磬͸ҵ𣿡 
Ŷ 
Ľһ㶣ʱĸС˵ģղżûɵӣֻóõģ֮⣬Ľ̫͹СӶϲ֮ģСС׹һֵӣصĻЩ˵ڡ 
лл¸磡 
ҿĵǰס¸磬һ£֣صصҺÿģҳôһյŶ¸磬һÿһķڻ 
˫ӹĽ¸еһʧļףĸ뽫⺢ӽ§鷢йĳ嶯в֪һԿȸԾʼٸߣĽֻпЦ 
ˣ͸ˣֻԼӸô 
ѾͷһˣĽ·ԼȫʧأԺĿСǰȻһͿأ۹ǸССӰ룬ҲԷбҹҹļҲһּ尾 
ǲƿȴǰжһϣΪԸ˫ʧģղ޷ܾԼһ 
ҲǷֵʱˣĽ¿ϣ΢˫ĿЩƣ롣 
¸磬ҪȥݷʲôѰɣ 
Ұ¸绻һ׵ɫĳ£ְǳϻƵİɫϵãȻ 
ɫڳ¸ϣԵôµ壬󷽣۵Ŀֿ 
ʲôʱҲܳ¸أ 
֮ʣΪƽʱ¸̸ʱͨĺӣųķλͷһΡ 
¸翴һۡСɣˡ 
¸佱Щ˼һЦ 
¸һˣ΢Ҳôһġ 
32 
ҪȥݷһλǸ׵ѣҲ̳֡ 
۾һ֪ˣǽϵλɣ˵ΪûׯĶܲأ¸磬ׯΪʲôһֱӦս 
ӻдЩ顣 
¸絭ɫҾ̸۵ĲԼĸףһȫɵˣҵȤϾתƵ棬ϴκС˰ɣٳȥ 
Ҳȥ¸硭 
ĽԶʽҲס¸俪ʼҡ 
¸ȥѣܲҲһȥأҿԱź¸ġ 
̸⣬վһȻ棬ȥݷֵ̳ĳ˵¸绹ļ֣ҲԸųʶأ˵СĽ 
һ۴ŹâΪ¸ҵľٶˣһ²ŵðɣ˵ߡ 
ţ˵ͷ 
ŵĸоãòײŴӳСһ뿪ͲٻȥˣҸ¸ĽǰУ˷ܵض 
ͷϰŵĸСҲ͵͵˿ĭʱ¸СǵĹ⣬ҰѸɽ亣ζ˸飬ȴϴκСһʱҳԵǸ⡣ 
һ뵽С࣬ұʱ 
Դ쳳֮Ҽÿ춼ȥǱߣϣټС࣬ÿζʧҺֱȥȴ±¸֣ΨһľǼڷϻˡ 
С࣬Ҫʲôʱ 
ӣԺˡ 
ηһҿջǰѽ£̧ͷϵĺңɷдľԺĸְɣС˵ʿҲ 
ӸһأջƹӭҾ񣬲õĻƴȥԺ齵ϵȷ 
ڴȵʱ򣬺һﲻϴȲ˳ȥֻǼаһǰһӣ٩٩˵ʲô 
ȥʮͣӢ£һϮڷֱ£ٷƮݡ 
˿ֳһ̸Цٴϵҡȡ 
ĽԶԭҶȵ˶ûʲôӡ󣬴ʲôȣǸӹţ˵ƺúܾʣȲʹϡ 
ԭλ£С˵˵úܺãȷˡ 
¸硭ǣӣ˵ˣ£ 
¸ûдǰ·Сƽӿ˵ǽʿ£˵ǲŽиǰ컹ٽΪ˵ء 
СƵĻ鲻ԽֳǱ߿˿ɶµĿҲɨ˹ĿԣҵͻȻ͵һ 
˵Һ 
᲻ᣬ˼ǽʿңڽĽݸ֮ǰСӶûȥôܻŶҲΪλЩƵĵطɣôĶţһһ˳ȾƮݡ 
˵ӣܾûˣ֪Щ鷳ûС 
Сɣʲô 
Ŷ 
һع¸̽ѰĿ⣬æһЦûʲôûʲô 
ջԺϵȷǰķȫǸľͥԺ 
ھĿջϵȷһסһ£һǮɣҴ¸һ¸粻Цǽϵ̣ǮԵλࡣ 
ͷҳԵλࣿǶǮʵ㲻 
ִͬǱĸģǸ׵Ǹˣ°ͻŰװ׵ɽ൱ͨҲֻˣȴưǵİݷԵò飬˵Щͷ 
к¸󣬳˼䣬ʵĽݹӣڴ˵һֻ࣬Ϊһģ˵ѾȬȴ֪ΪγٳٲӦսĪ겻Ѳ֮£ 
¸ҸȻȬڵ֮У˴ο޷ģΪھǶ֮ãҸʵڹⲻȥǲǰ֪Χҵѽ˴ζĿɷȸҸȫ֮ȥϸֽһ 
һмҴ˴ֻΪһѩ֮ߣΧѽȴ޹֮ĶģòӦսĪһֲɣ粻ս㽫͵ʥֵҹãĳ㲻ѣ 
ףׯл͵ңǺ磬ֲλһء 
վ¸󣬿ųɽ˵һһ̵ģ˵ĻͱﲻסЦ 
˳Ļ¸΢һֵţҲҸִһģԸҸһ֣֪Σ 
һЦҲ໰ߵһ߽ŵ¸ǰȡһȻⲦŪ˼£ʱϱһɢҵ֣Ľݹܽ˴֣һ֡ 
˻˵꣬תصλãȡϵ裬ʼƷ 
Ҳͷ͵͵˿¸ǰ֣ʲô߰ģڵСɽ壬һƬƬҶʲô֣ҿһɢɳ 
ƫƫ¸ֻǵͷ˼һԲҴӲ濴ȥüˮɵЩģһȻԵõӣֻ⸱ֲ߰ôܽ⿪İɣ 
һʱúܾҽŵĶ¸磬ҴԼ˰ʱ¸ͻȻվһϡڴ䡣 
ǺһЦëС־㣬뵽ƽ֮ʱ 
¸һҲԣתŶȥһæǰ 
¸翴ȥس˿ջԿջϰĵкҲӶֱؽظ 
û¸ô֣صı飬ҲҶԣֻܹԹԸڽζУȴΪԼһľٶΪڡ 
33ͣΣ 
ߵһƧĺͬʱ¸ȻһҲ֪˺£æܵǰȴ¸½ζԽηȻȥ 
¸ɫԥηԶұ㰲ο֪¸ⲻǸ֣һʹ죬¼ã 
¸üСɣ㲻˼ΰҪ׶һƫƫǷѣ޷ӦսҺͶãԴŰģû뵽ҾȻְµֶⲻˡ 
¸һ˵һŲǰţҽԱʵǶأҲѽ 
¸ЦһʵҺֻܶ࣬˵㽫ǿ͵˫ַء 
ͷ룬ӵȷǸƵǲῴİɡʵҲʥƺûʲôõģ˭Ҳܰһӣׯիô͸ 
˵ׯһ濴ʲôģ෴ģҵҹ棬Һ¸ͶӶ 
Ȼ¸ǰЩҲ˵ڡ 
ֻ¸ͣסŲùһʯڵϲϻţҲ;վԿ˼ 
˴ʱ¸ͻȻվһϲɫԭˣСɣϻؿջ 
ֽ⿪ˣ̫ˣѹ磬ҵĶӺö¸뵽˽ֵķһ춼Էˡ 
ҪǳٻΪ¸ĻǸô죿 
仰ǻ˺þڻûʳڡ 
Ҹ¸缱ҴҷؿջͬͨջţǱֱӴӺ˽ȥ 
ͥԺﻹղ뿪ʱôһԺͼ¸ɫͻһ䣬Ծ뷿У֪죬Ҳܽȥ 
һƬǽ壬룬˫Ŀգһϸϸ˺ۣѪ˳˺۴ӿһǰһϢĸԵϣһ˺ĴѪڰһأеĻѪϣ߰ߵĽʺɫ 
ҵڶο˱ɱĳ棬ǴβˣΪʱ۾ֻӣûע⵽ǸɱĶˡ 
Ǯ屻ɱǴβͬ䷿ﶼŨŨѪֻһۣͷ㿪ʼѣ̲סתס첻ϵĸŻ¸æ⣬ַȥұŷţ֪¸ʲôôѪȵĳ棬ҾԲȥһۡ 
ͻȻһŲǰ洫Ҹ¸磬ѱ䳭ֻסҵһԾ㷭ΧǽСԺ 
¸籼úܿ죬ҿϣͻͻԶԶĽк˷ѪȵһĻ 
һ·¸һԲصľŶҵ֮²Ҫκ𣬰Сǣ 
һûȫӸղĻ˵Ļع¸Ļ󣬲ɵɵʵ˶֪ȥݷùѽ 
û֪ȥ˵ڶΡ 
¸һۣƺϲҵĶ໰˶ֵ³ȥһ£ڼﶼȥ 
¸ŵҰҪʵĻȫ˻ȥҲ֪׳ʲô£֪ñʱǧҪ˵ 
緹һ˳ԵģС죬Һ֪Ҹ¸ŵ£˵죬綼ҿ˵СǺɵĿʵСɣֵֹģǲǲˣ 
ֻɵЦιȥ 
¸û£һҵȻܴĹԹԶһߡ 
治׳£¸ΪʲôôĽţλ˼ȻܿϾ޹ذ 
Ǯ¸ոеû뵽ײϳɱƺʱҸǷֲһ֪ǲԼʱ̫͵Եʡ 
Ȼ˯þһ۾ͿޱվǰŵʧУֱ¸бסҲŻĽ硣 
ԺԼеһ¸ͬʱһ飬¸´ȥݡ 
̹ˣϴǮѨģΪһ˯ҵʱ޷⣬ʲôθ棬۶ûѡ 
ѧѨҲҪѧһòãѨ˵ûʲôƵġ 
ⲻصˣص¸ΪʲôҪҵѨ 
ֻһ죬˽ 
˵ȥҹңǲʲô£ 
ǴӵΪϴһֱû̧ͷԾͶǵر 
¸ȥʱ˵ˡ 
ǰڸӪѲһȦѲһǵо󡣡 
𣿡 
ʲô˼ 
磬Լֵܻʲôģֻ֪ΪʲôҪô 
¸ʻ֣Ǵ٣ȥӪº 
һĬþòӵ㶼֪ˣ 
ڿǵ״ʱͲµˣϸĽӦˡ 
һĬŴӵݵˣΪܵס˭֪㾹һо׶ƽⲻˣǾֻˣһ˰ˡ 
ӵĻҵĴ˸ͻǵĶԻ˵ֲ̫ǵ˵Щʲô 
34 
ߣҲδӮףֺαطҪŪɱز 
һɱҴԺг˹ 
ԭǴɱ˳ 
ׯӻûȫԭûʮɰӮ˳ֲĽ͵ҹãԳͱ 
ҵͻȻɿ֪͵ǵ̸֪᲻ɱڣ 
ĽݼҵõĶôˣǸͷӲȡµΪֹҪˣϾҪʡףҲﲻİɣ 
ϴδҲȹңҶмֺøУλҶĺøȫʧ 
˺ĹһպݶɱˣھȻ¸硣 
Ȼ֣¸㲻 
ּ⣬ǰЩСͯɱѵǸΪ˶ܼղڸϣʳ֮ͯѪ͵аҴ˺ö죬Žץס͵شܣҲ԰ˡ 
ʲôʱ£ 
ǰҿæúܣһֱû𡣡 
 
µҥ뷨ѹҪԺʲôԷﴫ˻϶Ǿʹˡ 
磬֪ô 
ԲԣѪĲׯô˴ޣӼȻΪɱˣȻҲׯѪܣǼ´Ȼ֪ġ 
УסǸСˣսͣ 
ģҵѨӦ˯ú㡣 
ǰɣ˯ǵĶԻҿһ¸磬㵽׻᲻Ѩ 
Ц㵹ͦǸӵ˵˯ĴϣҪ̲סɷҲãҪסԼݣЩĽݼҶ¡ 
磬ѵҲμס 
׾ˡ 
˵أֻǸСˣ˯ӵĴȷʵЩͳ 
֮ǰĽԶҲ£ʱ¸Ͳ̫ˣҲô˵ЩлģҪСҲȰˡ 
ǲǸСĻ¸粻Ҫߵô 
¸ʹӳţȻ߽ݣǰ¡ 
ұ۾ֻЩģ¸ָڴҵ 
죬ֻ̾˿СɣЩ㲻Ҫҡ 
㣿ΪʲôҪ㣿Ǵɱѽİɣ¸磬Ҳ¹ϵġ 
û뵽ɱϢᴫô죬ڶСǾܵһ߳ŵĺŲˮһߺ˷ܵĽ飬ۼһ㣬ĿõȫǶ֡ 
СǣҰ㲻Ҫٽˣ治֪ôôѪܵ¸Ȥ 
Сɣ֪ʲôҵµһŮ죬ͼ񣬳԰ôܶӽ·װ֮⣬Įأ 
Сǣ֪־׵ʱ֪Ƿ񻹻ô˵ 
λ˷ܵ۷ĴС㣬ʵ̲ס̼һ䡣 
СǣҲΪŮÿ˯ȻѣڵĺŹ裬Ʒ㡣 
Сǵһֺۣһڲŵ֪ʲôŮһҪǹҶӣȻٸǱ˵ǿΪ֪ǲģ˹ʲá 
ô֪ҵġ 
⣬Զʧôȫ˵ˡ 
Сǻɵؿһۡ㿴 
ǲǣ˵˼ҽҵģˣλǮء 
ҺСû׷ȥ²˵Ի 
Ųأ͵͵ŵ˴ˣ˵ȻʧһЩƱǸֵǵʯ̣гָϵĽָأԸܴ˰ǵ֤ˣɼԷ͵ƱֻǼ󣬶˶һѪû٣ɱ˵ַֻһɱ֣ɱְСɣֺ˧ӡ 
ҿСһ飬㲻Ҫ׽֣ڳ֡ 
Сɣʵɱֺܼ򵥣˭󣿵ȻĺǣҲˣŮҪļҲһǱֻ»ΪָˣǾŸˣ󡣡 
ֹЩǰһˣϧСǣ㿴 
˵Сǣҿƽʱ̫ˣŻô˼룬˵㶼û֤ݡ 
˭˵û֤ݣǿԴɱַֻ֣Ҫץסɱ֣ͿԱй˳ϣҳĻ֡ 
ұ첻ٴǻֻǵͷԵģܱСץɱ֣ǾͲɱˡ 
ʵ׶Ҳ벻־ߵˡ 
˵ɱְһЩصأСɣ֪񽭺ɱ˭һεĳģһӶԲꡣ 
йس£ҷЩȤŸȤСôһ˵æʵǶЩʲôˣ 
СƷ˿ڲ裬ȻɤӵⶼҴӴŶ쳾ɱ⣬ĻȪսʮǵ񽭺λɱ֣ǵͽԻƽġ 
СǣöĻ˵òã 
ʲôɱ⣬ʲôʮôס 
սֵǺ 
ˣϴζһ䣬ʱ˵©ģͽսսȻɱ֣ҪɱȻǶˣһѹֵʱһӡ 
ӿܻΣգҵıЩСǽ٩٩̸Ҿûעȥ 
35 
ѽǱɱǺ쳾֯ɱ֣˵ֻʱ֣ɱΣʱ꣬ɱƣսʮͬ֯ɱ֣սŻȪ˵ˣֻȥ߻Ȫ·ʮȡ̫׵ʮɱһˣǧﲻУûʮʮιСɣ㵽û˵ 
ۡ 
ﻹŶӵ£͵رСһں󱳣û֮£һڲˮСƿңеСɣڸ𣿺öİ 
Ҫң 
æùĨӣ˵ʵûϸС˵ʲôǺ֡ 
˵ʲô 
¸ͻȻҼǵҵľ棬죬Сȴǰȥ¸磬˵ɱ£һɲıƺôˡ 
¸ɫЩѿ¹ٸѾ᰸Ҫˣ 
磬ǡ 
ס˵Ļ 
Сƺ¸̬ŵˣ첻Ըصͷ 
лҪС˵Ȼȥ 
Сǿ¸磬ֿңʹ˸Сĵɫת뿪 
¸硭 
¸ɫЩ֪롣 
ûиСʲô 
ŵҡͷûУûС 
¸ǰ£ҿһȷǷ˵ѣҶĲθеίʲôûС 
Ժᣡ 
¸Ҫ˵Ļȫ˻ȥ 
ǳɱ¾ϢճˣСԺȻûҲܿβľϾɱʵںңԶ 
ȴҸеεĿ־壬ζûòԣһӶκνӴ 
һһпվ͵ǱߣȻСܻ࣬ϻǺš 
ĵʱͻȦȦ¸ͻǣû·ʱͻߣСͲԴһˣҵĵǣܻĵطѾһ飬Ҫټߴҿɾͻˣ֪ʱ᲻ֱС 
죬Ҷû¸һЦȻһ磬һǲôģԷϾͶ˸ǣΪ˷йԹǿ̵÷ 
죬ڸʲô 
ͻľŵҷɿӵСʯӣعͷ 
չӣ㣿 
վʵǸˣǸիЦһͿչӣ˿һŹֵĿңȻٿԵɣȻٿңð³֡ 
Сɣ㲻ҪЩ㻭ġ 
չһ۾ţҺСĵһ˼صͷ 
չӿңһ޿κΡСɡ÷кüˣǸϵһãȻֻ̤Ľ˵ϲɹ¹⣬֪㻹Ⱥá 
û˸ҲԻС˵һ 
ˣҲˣôһͰ͵СҺòãҪĽݿ㱻ţֻ²ҡ 
չ˵ŻһݵǰĽҽģϲԵիĵġ 
Ҳ֪չӿĽ˭ҡҡͷҲҪֲʶʲôĽݣҪĶˡ 
չӰ׾ѾʼƲӡСɣᱻĽݾǶˣ˭֪ϲիĵģ 
Ƕӣ 
ӵϲ⣬æǰһѽչֽ˹˷ܵĿֿ 
һ뵽ǸƮŵĶӾȻǹңҵľͲůůģЩᣬץסչӵʵӺϴμ뺦أץסǸʲôȪս𣿡 
СɣҲ̫˵ɣղŻһСĵӣôһӵ֣Ͼ˸ˣ 
ٺ١ΪҺܵĶ 
ȻĻǲ˵ڵġ 
Ľݺܺãæó鲻㣬ԲˣӶ𣿡 
áΥĵ˵˾䡣 
ʵ¸ǺܺõģҪ˵ĵ㲻ã̫٣̫˰ɡ 
þУˡ 
չתҪߣæеչӡ 
ܵչߣ̧ͷ͵ͷСС˵˵ҪСġʵº͵Цݣ仰Ҳ˵ڡ 
֪ˣһת 
ĿչԶߣŴֽĶիԹĸֵģû뵽ӾȻǵô 
ڽ˯龰֪ΪʲôպĿʼգҽĽڻһڶóԡ 
ûע⵽Ҷ˰ģ¸ÿ춼ģұ˵£¸粢ϲԵģôæ´ŵҲû 
ֹ˼죬ҶͻȻʼæµ´ɨ˺ü飬С𣬲֪ʡʱסΪδʱĹ뷿 
ֲ¸⼸춼ӰʱҶ˯ҲżҲһ䵭顣 
֪ǲԼĴܸе¸Ѳǰôˣұģֲϲ벻ᣬ¸ϲҵģ嶼ء 
СҲ֪ȥû飬ӾͱúѰС˱ǵģÿʰһ·ͥԺ⣬ˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻûǰڳʱŵĿƵǶӣң 
ǱһæúܰɣȥִǵæѾôûˣСòҵ˰ɡ 
36 
һ磬Ҹհ鷿βøɾСǾ˳ܽҡ 
СɣˣҪҪȥ 
ҲȥҶԸ߸ϵﲻȤ˵ֳҲȥġ 
Сȴקסҵ˵ΪʲôҴȥˡ 
û¸ķԸҲȥĵط 
ûµģڣһ˵㣬˵㲻úƯ 
ҾСǾѾƯˣҪƯ󲻳ĻᣬСסҾȥܵúÿ죬ŮӻǱء 
СǣﲻĽΪʲôҪ 
Ϊݰֻƺģҿ԰㣬˺ܺõģһϲ 
Ҳ֪᲻ϲ֪ððʧʧȥĻ¸һϲң 
ҪˣСǣĻᱻġ 
Сǵǿƺ£ұȸ˴ⲻԶĳ£ȻҾ˫ֽסȵӣ˵ʲôҲǰˡ 
СǣҪѵĻͲҪקˣҾ¸£ 
Сɣ㳤Ȼô󣿡 
 
һ˵ɾйˣҲӦֻǵͷСǡ 
СҼ£ջûɿ֣˵ҲˣϲʹŰɡ 
Сת뿪˿ 
ۣû뵽СһССŮӣһСҡ 
ллأˣɿӵ֣ȵϺֱ 
ʱ˴ӳȶ˹æƾһߡ 
ԴӼʶĽԶĺݶҾѧ˹ԣҲǰôˣҪĸӣҵѱˣ˵ǷĽԶһٴأûټ֪ǲǹ˼¸磬Բû鷳 
͵ۿȥֻӭһɫţüĿ京ŵЦݣһ֮£ʧеӣ 
һڣұϾڸððʧʧĽк֪᲻ײӣ 
Сɣ 
ߴӰԼǰͣҿʼľϲӣ˫Ц˫Ҿ͸Щн 
Сô 
ӵ˵ôæصǶСӲҹģðʧȥĻᱻ 
Ŵ𣿡 
ҵ˵ͷ 
λչ̽ͷЦСɣӵС˰˵Ӧøߵģôᱻ 
Ӧͷ룬ϴҸ¸һȥ̽ó֮⣬ûٸȥĵط¸粢ϲҸء 
ﱻ˿˵ҲᱻҴȥˡ 
 
ôһ˵죬ܾĻû˵óڡ 
ҿԶСǴСУӵĻȴҲӣʣ¸һҵ 
һ˵ҪСɽȥģС޹أͲᰤǲǣ 
񿴳ҵĹǣ΢Цŵ 
š 
Ҳٶ໰ֻйԹԵظڶ߽λȴЦСɣ첻𣿡 
֪ұĻңҹû˽ңôɣ 
ˣŵһλ˵Ůӣվ̬򷽣źüһˣȷʵһ㣬΢Цȴһݱ˵ǣҾЩ¡ 
˿Եһλܸ̬ϸ˵һׯϴμȣׯ̬ίһЩӥĿҲûɣȻü仹һӢȥȴ˺ö࣬λׯӴǰ 
ֻһ۾͸æͷ±˵ðӣΪͷԺȻľͰĿƵׯָϣϧִ䣬ָ׵ɫ 
ǰȥǰĸʩһݼף 
еĿǳǳһЦ磬ˣûûҪأ 
ʩһ˵Цˡ 
磬ﲻǻʹؽôأǻǰƾͺá 
񲻿ɷϡ 
ڲһ˽ڵܣʲôʱҲظˣԼΪλҪЩף 
ϤˣǴĽ͵͵һۣǷһŹŲӣŭȻһٵķ緶ׯĸУֻλ 
˴ӵĻʩֻҲֱ 
һʩѵ֮ҲôӹȻǱӡ 
ӺѺҴڲԵ¸ߣ΢ЦܣҹʱСˣŰ˽㲻Ҫӡ 
һæ¸󣬵ͷҿʵÿҲ֪¸ڵɫһòȥ 
¸絭ӦһǷǻ񣬶ҲֻЦЦߵԱߵλֵ֮Һ֣¸˭ģ׸Ҳ⡣ 
¸úҲͻȻǰնҵĵ£ղһֱı¸ӵлѽǺͿ 
Թ԰ţȻԱһааĿҲҶĽԶЦЦĿ⣬æƵ𴦣ԲԸŹңȻǷСɣӸ紦Σ˵죬ɵɵģ˵ĹȻһ֡ 
ʲô˵ĹҲ׵ҡҡͷ¸ȴĵܣעԴǣ 
ĽԶŶһ˳˦ǰѲֵȣЦ磬Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣʵֻҪеʿмСٵģʲôˣֻҪҲҪҸģùȥ㿴һɵӣžᡣ 
ҿᣡ 
ݺݵһ䣬¸ĽԶĻٴǻ 
ҵĵؿ¸磬֪ǸҪӵˣܾΪִ̫֪磬ɣʵϴ˴ӵĻ֮Ҿ˯̵Ĵ㣬ֻһֱû¸¡ 
ѾŶˮģСҲһֱ߳üŪʾҹȥҶֻõûܸܵ¸ʱĬĲãҸеЩ£Щѹ 
ҶĽԶûΪңһ˳ȥûߣɿˣ̧ͷ϶ͶĿ⣬Ǻ˫ͫﻹ˼ֵǣһů 
ͻȻһһֱУͬʱӰֱǰԻȥֻӸе 
¸ԾԣסĳӺͶסׯˣӺչҲǰסɱӰСܵӺ棬һʱһţӰɣꪸ꽻ཻ֮ 
ȸ䲻һ˲ﻹ֪˺£ֱһҶӱɹѪֱҽµĵذϣŵþ 
ͬʱһֱҵɴ˫ۣǵ̵ǰӲӾҲѶ˲ʱԵ˻ɱϢӰͻ︡ҲҪ 
¸磬Ⱦҡ 
Ȼһұ뻳Уͬʱһ׹бб佣һӣԷնڽ¡ 
ҾֵתͷϵȴǶĿ⡣ 
ʱһɱӿͷ 
¸磬ͷ̽ҵĲ 
ҪļˣһǴСˡ 
һʱҵֽžҵĶ֪Ϊ»ġ 
ĽݾĵؿŰ뿿ĺӣСֽһĲ԰ף˫˿ȴնССزţҶҪ 
⺢Ż˰ɣ 
佻ʵСû°ɣ 
ˡ 
ǵĶԻҵĸоعۺɵڸ壬ͱѪ޹ĺҸеĿ־壬ҵͷʱʹǰһƬҰףصڶӵĻС 
СɣСɡ 
СǵǱأ۾ڴԵĵؿҡ 
Сǡ 
̫ˣˡ 
Сǻ˵ˣ˰ʱҲѣֻһֱ֣һֱһֱС 
ԭһ˯ôãûãһѪųһŮӡ 
ְͷСڴºֵСɣԲҪӲȥͲᱻˡ 
ˣҶðɣûˣ 
ʵʵ¸û£ջûʳڡ 
Ҷû£мҶˣûΣգ̿ͱڽ£ûѣɱˡ 
Ҷû¾ͺá 
ڶڴҲǱߣղ˵Щ̿ͺɱ֣㻹ǵ𣿾ϴθ㽲Щɱ֯ 
ҼǵãСǣΪʲôҪɱˣ 
Ҳ֪ڳ͢Ϊ٣ձȨ뺦Ȼܶ࡭СǡʵǰҲҹ鷳ĿŵɱǵһΣһʡ׵ʱ򡣡 
ԭҴ鷳ģֻҪ¸鷳ľͺãˣϣҲҪҶӵ鷳 
Сǵ֣ģԭСҲں°ץסţϣܸһů 
ôΣգǲҪϻع 
˵ȥ˵꣬òײŵõʡµĶ׼˵ʲôҲȥСǶһֵСɣҪ㣬Ͳܳˣÿһ˹ס˵˶ûУκò׻ؼʡףȴַ¡ 
Сǣ㲻õңǻ¸ҹɵ˵ 
Сǻȥҿڴϣ̽뻳ǿ¸͸ҵмѹ 
޺ѪλεĳԾǰ̻û뵽ôǸ˵ҪҵĻڶ˵ȴͷҶˡ 
¸Ż˺˸һھͷŵϣҺ鴦Σɿ¸䵭ӣʹѯͷ 
֪ӺʱʼҺ¸֮Ľ̸ԽԽ٣ʵ¸û䣬ôĬԹҰɣΪ˾ġ 
ɱ¸ʹйһԻԺ¸ҵ̬Ⱦ䵭࣬¸ӰӵصҲǰǰ̸Ц 
37 
СɣѾˣӽ˯ա 
¸絭Ļһ 
ʵ˯Ĵ㣬¸ĻЩܣϾԼͱҪ¡ 
תһ룬С˯Ӧõģ¸˵ҲûҵӦڷ¸޺󣬾ڵϵС 
ûл¯ģݴŲСǰСһ˯Ŵֻܰȫһ䡣 
ҪСھͺˣôůͣС¯һڣҾͲôˡ 
˵С࣬Ƿ˼ˣҲΪʲôôϧǸ 
ӱĽݸҵڶαˣΪԼѿҸʱҲ 
ɱֵĳ֣ҶɽׯĽ䱸ǰɭ˺ö࣬ȴûд֮£ƺǼ´δһ 
Ϊʡ׵ԵʣǰŰݷõıﲻƽʱ˺üдǴӵĿˣЩͬΪٵĹԱżҲӵĿˣһЩΪǶ˲ˮС£Ҫǵ࣬һϯᣬǰµ˵ҵԼһСˡ 
ɼ˸ģµ 
Ұᵽ֮ұȻİ¸ĳƺĳӡ 
㻹ûѼңôʶļӳֵܣȻôƺ󣬳һ˿⣬ʲôû˵ 
ǺǣС࿴ôгĻһҵġ 
죬ӳźɨ㿪ʼɨͥԺ˭֪ɨ˼£ͼСǷر˹ 
СɣæˣҴȥ 
ʲôüģҵͷɨأȤ˵ 
СɣҪ˵Ǵ󲻾ᱻġ 
ǰɣɧҲҪ죬Ҿ͸ȥˡ 
ҲСǣɨأɨϱСץ 
СɣһȥΪ˵Ҫ㣡 
ʲô 
ֵؿСǣȷǲѣô߹ôָյҪңһСǵĵˡ 
ˡСĵ˵Ҳأ֪Щʲô˵Ҫ㣬ĸ 
Ϊʲôһҵĸֲǹ 
͵͵һ䡣 
û취ȻҪңҵȻûѵȨﷸֹС 
ҵһν¥棬ͨС棬ҿɲСĹ뷿 
ūŲμ 
Сǽȥֻжˣϸ̸ЦʲôǺ滹źö̴ӣҲӣæ 
ɡ 
лվһߣ̧ͷ 
㣬СɳǲǺܿɰû֮ǰҾСһءСܵߣ 
Сǣ뺦Ҳַʽɣ֪һ𣬲ҰӲŹ֡ 
Сɣ 
ǸеϵӦСǵҲׯˣæػصūžСɡ 
̧ͷ 
̧ͷȻͿϷĶ´ 
ϷʵϣЩ߰ף϶˵֮⣬Կ˵òģСǳöֻųò˿ȴ˪ҵĽԶЩĮЩмЩޡ 
ǰɣҺǵһμϷأǵѽĽԶҲϷ˵Ķӣôǵ 
Դ˺ðҲ벻ס 
Сɣ˵֮ǰסڳԼׯģ꼸ꣿôСС;ͱ͵Ϸ˳ʵ 
Ǳĺòã 
û뵽н˵ҲôҼǵСҶ䣬ϷˣūŽʮһ꣬˵ūôΪ׬Ǯģūžͱ˽ 
ҵĻػϷ˵ɫƽ˺ܶ࣬ͷǾͲˡ 
º͵ЦЦﰡҿʼ˵ˣֻǴɶѡ 
˵ʲôôһ 
СҲ㣬˵ʲôʲôǲǵģ 
ûʲôˣ˵СɳúǰһСͯԲˡ΢ЦŽ͡ 
ԭˣǸСͯһûķϷˣҪĻôһԹ޵ĿңҵĴƵġ 
һ߹ǵ̸ҷﲢС˵ͰףȻ͸Һö㣬΢ЦŸ˵εҾ÷ǳǵҷżȻһĨĮ⣬һŵĹûɵһ 
˴ʱڱǲ˳Ȼﱧ˺ö͵ĸ㣬һǷģԾϷжԶ߶Զ 
ϵһλãӽϰ壬ϰĳĺøߴ˵Щ⣬ĴҲͱ˲̫һ̵ĿȥùŹ֣˵ϰͷкöϡŹֵĻÿε۶ܺá 
ΪϰĳʹͬΪٵ֪ĽԶ˽ãԵϯӺĽԶвμӡ 
Ϊӳϯ磬̿òͣżҲ赹ˮæòɿ 
һĽԶֻ鷳ȥºܺãһֱڸϰϺŸȤţҪǸЩƵĻﶺȤûһۣǸϰҰʱǲص˵һЩ̫ĵЦ֮ǣһξƵҵĿա 
ʱϯ輧ڵ裬Ҷóûע⵽ϰЩĶ. 
ɱ38 
һֱŽ˶飬ǸϰȵվסüҶʰõķȥϢ˭֪һѽߵӴҹȥˡ 
ԼüɵСɵɵģǼǲס·绻ġ 
ô鷳ѵԼл߶ɣүЦУӲǽӿҼϣһ˵ 
ϰѬҺܣӶѹϣǷ֧ŵס 
ĽԶҡȣһЦ磬Ҳ̫С˰ɣС˱ǱЩڴǸ̶ȡ 
ĽԶһڳûҡ 
ұϰصѹţ뵽ղŶЩϣܻߴļҶң۰Ͱ͵ؿȥӾֻһûٶ˵ֵСɣСķүط 
ӵҲ죬û취ֻܾ÷סͷѹϵﲻɢľײײذ᷿ 
ϰһͿˣ治һҪҷСִָ·ûˤſ¾ĸ 
ò׽ϰ˴ϣҪ£ȴϰͻȻʵСǰɣ 
үūŽСɡ 
ϰ뿿ڴͷ۴ҵ⺢ӳõˮģ˵ҹӻġ 
Ҳ̫˵ʲôɫԵҾúᣬһүûʲô£ūžˣүЩϢ 
ɵӣҹôϢ˷ѹ 
ϰ͵̽ǰסҵĸ첲һ˦Һ޷֮£˵˴ϣûһعϰѹ 
Ǵ׳ȫѹҵϣصҴ˫ְҵļϣֹסҵķɢžƳĴҵǡ 
СҰɣҰ㴩ģָǸˣߵúܣǿֳ΢С˵ġ 
ſң 
Ҵкţƴҡͷ㿪ϰյϵĴ죬趯ҵ˫֣ͼҵҲ֪˵ʲôľٶҸеֿ־塣 
㣿ҿĹˣȻͷ㡣 
үЦţסǰǰһק˻һڴ˺ֻ漴̽˽ȥǰϴŰ 
ССصţҸ޷ϰ忹⣬кܿ챻ʵ䣬еһֻ̲һҵ֮䣬ַĴҶĵ£ʹŤӣ֪ܳ͵ѿְ·Ҳ˹ȥ 
ֻĴһϰʹʱɿ˶ҵЮƣҳûϣûвһϢԼĻ 
˲ϰںСУҷһײײ˳ȥʧУҵȻϰϵЦ 
ĵģƢҲҵθڣô˵ǿϧû취˭˲õأ 
Ҳ֪Լֻһĳǰţֱүû׷ͣ½Ųص·ԣȫҲ򷽲ŹͿ־ 
һϰЩĵĶҵ㷭ҸϸŻţɼʲô²ֻܵŸڵشϢֹ 
ղӦôϰ壬ûأɱźãȻһΪһͷ 
һٴӲ˵İɣ 
뵽ϰɫԵķֹסһŻ 
 
ͻȻһŲٵشǰ͵ҶΧУ֧ǰţԾĻÿ˵յ粻 
ץסߣΪ׵һ˺ȵʱҶǰҼžߡ 
Ϣô죬ͷš 
ҵ΢סҵߵúÿ죬Ҹȥ䴦̾ذһţݺ㣡 
ҼǱϴקĴӵլԺмҵȽŴûٰߣǿ־ҾȻû̫ʹĸо 
ܼžĴȻƻͨˣŴӣӺĽԶӺӵɫѿĽԶȴеҡȣֻسңϰһֻֽסͷŭݵһࡣ 
ԭҴļ 
£ 
ȵϱмҶǰ䴦ݺһţҳʹͨ˫类˴ӺסҶá 
ǿͷӣȴĮƽʱһĵȻҿ͸⣬˫ʵ˵ϰ壿 
ľؿʼţҴĵ˵ͷ 
ӵɫҺȵѶ 
ʲô 
Ҳ׵ؿӣ֪Ҫҽʲô 
һԵϰȴʼЦӣĽݸҶɽׯһҹɭϣҲС˶Ǽ֮ 
ĽԶбҵ֣ҲҪҸϼҹɣ˽֪żҲЩɲĵĶҲ⣬ģԻᴦЩصˣװˡ 
ϰһҵ˵أҲνӣһСߣԼʲôҲ֪ɣ 
ʲôС 
ҸӲ˵ʲôֻĽԶЦЩ£Щԣȴ֪ 
ȴתһλҶʵĽݸʮҹʲô 
λҶӣߣʮͽٸ 
ӻعͷɭȻ㶼ˣĽݸ꣬δߣ㲻͵ϰ鴮ڱֺˣʸõ 
˵һӵĻ̴û͵û͵ʲô鴮 
ž 
˦ҵϣʹұ˽ڵأӻǱƴᵹһߡ 
նʱһѪӿҵ°ͱ̧ĽԶҶЦ磬ƽʱ̫ЩˣǲŻôûء 
ƴҡԴ˦ֵֻƸȻеû͵ֻϰ壬û͵ 
ĹЦ죬䳰û͵ȴΪˣǸţѶᡣ 
ҲֻǿӴеӣû͵Ǳԩġ 
 
ûٿңӦҵֻ֡ 
Ҷ԰סֹҵľһһһҿһӺֻ˳æеҡ 
ĽԶİһ׼ȷҵϣҪĻ˻ȥǸҶǰﶼӵϣüͷ͵һ壬ϰȴϲ⴮飬⻹Ҵ˴γʱġ 
վԱһֱһδĴͻȻʵ׹ô£ϰ壬𣿡 
⵹ǡ 
ĽԶ̽ͷһЦö׹ʶСʱ͸⵹ˣ磬ҼǵһֱϵģôܵС 
ӻشϰͽӿڵ⻹˵ȻҲ͵ˣҲ̫СˣôصĶô˶֪ 
Ҳû͵û͵ 
Ҳ֪Ķô忪ԼҶЮƣ˵ӵĽűߣеؽеӣû͵үĶ׹Ҳ͸ҵģǰӡ 
ұĻû˵ȥΪұһǰ˵ȥһŴľʹ˳ǰ˲ӵȫʹĹӣžͱҶǰ˵ϣҵͷѹĺܵͣҿǵı飬ֻĽԶᳰЦ 
ǺЦСӾȻҵŴҵţ磬ôصĶ㲻ĸͼС˰ɣ 
ûлشҲΪʲôΪ磬ҵѽ 
̧ͷֻܵͷֱû͵鴮Ҳ֪ô͵ģӣǣӡ 
ûлشӡǣ¸磬ҵģǰҲû͵ 
ûи׹ 
ǰôԵ˿ȴĵ 
ͣ˺þòŪĻһҲ͸׹ȥɽڵϣһƬƬˤ飬Ҳ޷ϡ 
ֹͣڼͷҲ࣬ҿǿͷ̧ҲŵǰӢȴޱӣǻķŭͲֻΪ֡ 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊʲô㲻Ϊұ⣿Ϊʲô̹ȻѣΪʲôҰ㿴ҽҪˣȴµ 
û⺢ľĿ⣬Ľֻ絶۵޿ɸӡ 
ʱʹһֱӰεĸСɲ뽣ʱСһȥ˯ʱСȻįʱʹ߰ݺݵҧࡣ 
ô᲻ߣ˵ϰ˭ºõӣĽԶҲˣʵ˭νΪԷĿľֻһڳ 
ǴΪСɱһ磬ɹϵǿ׹νͣҪڶԴ˵ĸ΢СһСɵĹϵô˵ˣ 
ΪһС˾ܴĽԶҲ̫Сˡ޷ӵȴֲ֣һֱʹȥ׳ʿ˶ϡ 
죬ʹķεĿһΰɡ 
Ľ±ܿ˫סԼȴֲʷ˫µȭͷ߬ 
ԲСɡ 
Ҳµֻ㣡 
ϰԱߴ˸ԲȻһˣҵļҲֻˣҿСͯףֻһʱͿѣͷһ¾˰ɡ 
ˣôˣǽָιܽҶˣ˵ô죿 
ûӵĻҵͷѹţֻһ˫⵽ǰȻҵͷקסʹͷ 
ĽԶҵһϾǶ񶾵Цݣ˹˵Сɣ㿴ϰ嶼˲С˹ˣǸģҿ¾ô˰ɣô㣬Сһ£ġ 
ûдû͵ԩңҷŭؿ䶢סҵÿһˣҲǸ 
ԲС࣬һûĻ̫ǿֻû£ҪôҽǸһӾɱ˴Ҳԩ 
ˣȥʮϴͱ޵ϴΪֹ 
ӱĻ£Ҷ̽ҼϵԺȻһƣ˵ص£֫ס 
һѩ˿̵ϻ˱һѩ˵ڻѩϣֻѩı͸Ȼһ죬󱳳Ѱľʹ̸ס˻ѩı۵ȫһţһʹ˲Ϯ󱳣հ۷ɿϣʹ˰һ㷭һ£һ£Ȼ¡ 
ûмҶ丿ֻ۵شˣ޷ĺֻҧ־ʹ⣬ģҵʶʹĥĿʼģ˦ʱеļԽԽᡣ 
 
ˮϣĴ̼͵ѹͷ˾סʹͷѾϤˣĽԶеڶˣ΢ɵ˫ۣȻǰһõЦݵĿҡ 
СɡĿд˼ζ㻹ǵ˵Ƿһٴģû˸ǷҵĶڴ˻һأⵥٴȥɾͷˡҲϧ֪ԩģֻҪǷҾ顣 
ҵ죬ͻȻǺЦ 
ĹӣǮɱİɣ 
ҵСʵϱ˦ʮޣܿ˵ѾܲˣĽԶҵķŭȫԼ˿û˵ 
쵰ɱҲͰˣȻҪҹһ͵ԵǼסˡ 
ĽԶһ㶣漴һ˿ֵЦݣҵĶСɣΪǮɱģǾɱİɣǸɵӣڶ֪˭Ҫ 
˭Ȼˣ 
ҲЦЦĹӣ˰ȻЦôģֻ֡ 
ɾҵͷ۾ңʵ֣ 
̬ 
֮еģҵֱݺ˦һǶ⣬ȻͷʯϣǰһΣۿʼģѪ˳ǰ£εѩϡ 
ǰİѩԼѪȾɺɫֵҵͷȻûʹֻһζѣֻ̬ǲᡣ 
ѣĴԴȴĽԶƵŭһ𱬷 
Һݺݵش򣬴Ϊֹ 
ģˣľܷŹӣ˵ѵʱҾˣȻɵϡ 
ֻǲΪʲôΪʲôĹĺ´һȫˣΪʲô׿ڶ˵Ҫңҿֵȫ˻ԣ 
ΪʹͿĽԶ֪֪ǾԴҵʹҪȱ޴عٱǧ 
뵽һӹŵĽԶ߳ŭӣҾЦĳ嶯 
Сɣ㻹Ǵ̬õǡôһֱҾֻ͵͵˵û뵽˵ôʹ졣 
 
ЦһѪ͵˳ؿڿʼʹһ𣬰ı޴ǲϴӿӿѪ 
÷ˣѪˡ 
ʶֿʼģеľǰɢԺڿ޽С 
磬㲻ҪٴСˣģˡءСɲ͵ģһǱԩģ˵仰 
Сǣллҡ 
û뵽Ҳˣ°˶ˣС࣬һΣɾȲҵڶΣҪ֪£һֻұǲǣϧҲ޷ 
ʹﵽһ̶ȱ㲻ٸоʹΪʹᱻľ棬ҲʶͷƾԼʶֹĺڰС 
ۡ 
һƺֹʹҴӺڰгɹľ˳ 
˫ۣӳľСųǵӡ 
û뵽ҾȻţҺСķ 
С࡭ 
ỽһ֮;ɤʹҷֻè˶١ 
ʲô˵ 
һůеСֽҵ 
Сɣ޾Ϳްɣ޳һЩСǵ۹ҵĺʹ 
С࣬ΪʲôҪôã˴£Ϊʲô㲻ң 
岢ôۣһֱֺľֻ֪һ²еʹǲҪˣ 
ĿһʹһѪ̲סӿߣϣұǸĿСࡣ 
С࣬ŪĴҡ 
Ɀڻ˵Щ 
ȿȡԲ𡭡 
ԲС࣬Ҽǵ̹ұ̫ǿģ˵öԣǸ޿ɾҩı 
С࣬˺ҪҸһĵطңȿȡǵϷʱҪЩġȡϲǷβ֣Ǹġȿȡ 
һѪſֲϵشӿӿҷڴϾҵضţƴѹסʹѵؿڡ 
Сҧ´ұ죡˼˵˲Żز㶼ˣһ᳤ġ 
ȿȡӦСֹסĿ 
ǱӣСഹ̾СɣҲãҲøģһ£ܾͲˡ˵ӶܺãΪûá֪ôˣĻϲ 
С࣬Ҷˣ˵ҲãпҼвУ 
Сɣ֪ѹǲǣʹС°ǵ÷㲻ҪԼòã 
С֪࣬Ȼôݣ֪ǰ㳳ܵʱûбСˣ 
СһҧгݣҾȻ̲סٺٺɵЦ 
ҹŹֵЦȻŻС࣬ŵСɣСɣ㲻Ҫң㲻µģǲлҪ˵Ǿ˵Ҫš 
ȿȡ˵𣿡 
˵˵ 
ǿסԣϢ˺һ֣صصС࣬ҪסϷʱĵһҪǻģҲϲζġȿȡ 
Сһ㶣ʱȥˣ 
ҺСԸµڰ֮С 
С࣬ҪΪģϲЦСҵӡ 
ҿЦȥҲߵðġ 
41 
ĽݾڴߣǸڴϺϢС˶ 
ؼǵüǰҶɽׯĳӺܿȴЩӵػӣʱվ£˫ڱʯԣǲŲ죬ÿɰС˶ĴϣϢĻ˯ţ޵Ϣôʱж˵Ŀܡ 
Ľݾ£ǰŻһժ¥ͱ佻ȥķǰ֣صض˵Űһ㷿ˣ㿴˿ɲҪԾ 
֪佻ʧִ£ĽݾͷһԲݣű㿴Ǹ޷ŵľ 
СɺϢظϣŻҰ׵СţͷϻŲɴҲ͵ǱüһţΪʹʱСèһ΢ٵ 
Ľݾ㵵ǣ¶ĺ󱳼ݺύɼǵıˣ޺ԵƤⷭţ¶Ѫ˿ڡ 
˺һ֪޳ɵ̵ĳ£޴֮£Աޱ޼ǣɵĴ漫󣬺Ѻת̷ͨڴɱԽطϣ˭ô̾һ̣ 
ĽݾԾ˫佻޿κεı顣 
뵽˭ˡ 
Ȼ֪Ľ£˭ܶС˶ֻ֣ǩΪҪ 
佻ʼ磬شĽݾʡ 
˵ʱ⺢ӳû͵ϰӵ׹ʲôģԲűʩϳͣȴһֱ㱻ʮޣﶼˣ˵;³Σû뵽˹ժ¥ǰҾˣҸȥһ֪Ǹ߾ȻСɣʱ⺢ҲʣһǶأѪ౻¸ɾˣҿ⺢ûŰˡ 
Ľݾ΢ЦӴʱѾˮ 
ǸҾ˵ĺ˵СΪС飬ȴӸĹӺϰȰ˵ţŹСɣʱѱѪˣȥˣʼգӶûһ 
ĽݾԾһûУ 
̱Ǳ뺷˶ĽҲסޣССĺӾģ 
佻һ۴ڻ˯ĺӡ 
ǰ󲻵èһɵĺӾ˸ҰɣʵϽкܼһʹ࣬⺢һԣʹȫۼڣʹܵ˸ڸҲҸչȥʱڻҪ㣬ͷ˺ôһӣϵŻѪ˳ˣֻûˣСɾȻһֱôӲţøǿĺӡ 
Ľݾǰ̧ḧźӵ㷢췽õҩҪ˿ػ 
ģҲӦСһҽǴκһ˵ġ 
ҪκãҪе˺ȫȥҲ뿴κһ̺ϡ 
佻ԣɶĽݾʵ֪뷨ҲԱ֤κܱ֤ͬ⺢ӵ岻ͬĴˡ 
ұ֤ 
ұ֤ҲĽ˲̵飡֪˶ԴСɣһʼͲ⺢ߣ 
ĽݾƽͷһζԼжϸеֺڡ 
իһĽݾСߵ뷨ֻǺ飬ڲ϶˼ӵ¡ 
ֱ·Ű׾Щ㲵Сʱϲ΢Ц΢ЦҲǣһ 
ҲƵӣɵӵָŴ˵Լɹ¹ʱĽݾ֪˶Ѿǣסģϲӣ޹أֻΪСɡ 
ֻǵߵ鷳СɹȥʱǺӳС֮ˡ 
֪ϲӣ㹻ˣСɱǸϧĺӣĮиˣӦùúҸɡ 
ȻЩźĽݾΪǸеˡ 
Ƕµ佻ȴѹĽºСɵϢԴԴϵظ֪Ľݾ̲סҲ佻իĸתСɣǿǺϲʳء 
Ϊὥӣ˭֪ǰտСɿĵʺʱĽݾһ˿¶ 
ֻյд֮Ľݾеϲ𣿾ȫڲ˶ȥʱʱֻ֣ѱڽ¡ 
²⵽֮ǳʲô⣬ֻҲûϵĽ»˾飬κ˶֪͵ȫһڣ˭֪ΪԼӣɰǸİ˻ĽݾһηԼĵܵ˵ı塣 
Ľݾḧһ㷢⺢һ춼ţǿɲ޺ۣ˭Ϊֻ˯ˡ 
ۡ 
ССڴУСèһĺһǲɴĶͷͱ϶ϸϸĺ飬úӲʱӣ΢ӿﴫ 
СǺˣ޷Ǳ⼸Ľݾ˼ů¯¶ȡ 
 
Ľݾͳ־ﺢӰѺˮȥɴһѪ֪˿ѿ£佻СɻҩʱĽݾ˿ڣ˵ĽԶѺӵͷʯײ˵ʱŭ㲻ɶֹر 
ĽԶһ㣡 
ͻȻСɵĺеûСû͵ûС 
һֱĽݾϰ⾪߽ĺӵյ֪Сû͵ûУ 
û˯еĺӰҲʼƽȣ·Сèĺߺ 
⼸죬Ľݾժ¥¶짷磬佻СɣСɴӺϢʼշת֪⺢ûˣʣµֻǵһ 
ɼʹˣĽݾÿնСɵĴߣֻСֽУẢӵʹ࣬뿴СܣΪÿÿŴʹСҲһʹ 
ɵɵСɣѹɣɳԲϲķβְ 
һºСͷĽݾ΢Ц˵ 
42 
ʹȡ 
ΧһƬڣʲôֻǾóȣǺ󱳣һʹǵС˵һȥɣȻҾ͵ڰˣǲѾˣ 
С࣬ΪʲôҶˣҪôף 
˲ǾͲʹΪʲôһǻʹôÿһ£󱳾ԣҪʹһٱһǧӾڻ¯ա 
Сɣúõù˻㣬ȱ֪࣬һʼͲҪôǿˡ 
ԺģоԼڰдȥѲεֻǴƴˣԣҲǱԩģҲŲҪԩ 
ôˣôģûȾҡҡ 
СɣСɣѹѹ 
ҵڶߣԴ죬ңͲţǷҼƴҡͷ÷ɿ죬͵ץס֣·ֻҪץסҾͿԵþһôץֻ֣Ҳɿ 
СɣСɡ 
 
ĺڴг͵۾ֱ㶵ضŴߵʣԼӿʵľĻھҵͣҶ˶첲㷢ֺ񱻷ץһ˵ֺܼʵҲů 
С࡭ 
һ䣬Ͷ۵׵ȴǶŵЦ̡ 
Ϊʲôӻߣ 
ӡ 
ЩԺĿ㲻ԼǲΡ 
ûӦңֻĿ⿴ңǰע£ұ綯ͣ 
Сɣˡ 
š 
ȴæס𶯣˿ڻʹġ 
һƦƦЦҵǰЦʵСɣǵ𣿡 
ȻǵãǸϲЦչӣǰڷ¸һġ 
չӡ 
չִסҵȻŶ˵ȣ⺢ûˣʣµľ˵ơ 
ҵĺȻЩʹĸоѲ˺ѷεʹˣʵǲǲˣ 
չӵһۡҽڴˣûôף 
ԭչҽֲһĻ֣Ըģ 
С 
СǵӣҾͺϼ 
Сأ 
ӺչӶһۣչ˵Ľݵժ¥СҶɽׯĻƣȻϴ 
ҵ˵ͷ˽ 
չߺ󣬶ʵСɣ˵̫أҪסܳһʱ䡭㻹ҶɽׯǱ𣿡 
ȥȥǻزȥˣı޴ҲٰڶΣأ£˭ң 
ҵ㯣ЦǾס°ɣժ¥ܵķ 
Ǽ£æصӣңû͵ҡȿȡ 
һżθϱ㷭ֿʼſڴͷҴϢţ亹˳Ŷͷ߲ϵ£ؿڵʹǰһķڡ 
һůһº͵ů˳ҵڣʱǻ࣬ϢƽǹůůϢڻţҾȫ泩 
úЩ𣿡 
ߴĻҼԭղŰҴнѵҲ 
֪СʲôûСǱԩģûϵס˸ˡ 
͵Ļﰲ˲٣ĻͬĻҲ˵ǵ 
СɣһֱſǲǺۣ 
˵Ż˴ߣұУҾ͵бϣؼſţһҾ˺ܶࡣ 
ҿǿ뵽һԵú񣬲ӸЩͷḧţ·뻺ҵĲϸ΢Ķһů 
ҲǸСˣΪʲôҪôã 
뷨ûԺڶãҾֱ¶ǡ 
ʱоѺ˺ܶ࣬ӲڣֻһǵСԣҵһֻֻ 
С࡭ 
ˣҼй˭֪Լͷ˯ 
ǻԺòãҲҪ 
֪СŹκһҵĻᡣ 
Ҿ˵ôүһҪġСһԼ߷ߵ˵ 
С˵һڲģţﷴú 
С࣬Զõѡ 
㵹ǻˣǷժ¥һ飬չӴӻȪ·ģ͵ţ˰ɡ 
Ҹ˵һϢϾЩˣ̲סСϾܽŵʵò𣿡 
ҡҡͷС࣬󱳶ôأչӵҽúܸô뵽Ҫ 
Сһۡ 
ժ¥չǵҽ㵱ʱǸӳ˭ܾȣҳô£ʹȻ㣬ĽݸǱҲݲˣԼڸҲӲˣܾ㲢ҪԼľֻжһˣҲ˼ԺԹԵС˰ɣ⼸õҩСҲ𡣡 
Ҳ޵С࣬ô 
ƨ 
ô˵ҲǴӹŹ˸صˣСͲһ㣿 
ɱ43 
ǣС࣬Ĳܸһȥ𣿡 
ȻҺܺãҲС࣬˵ĶԣЩӵķȷ黹Ҫ죬ӳζòܣ¡ 
㻹֪£µĻʱΪʲôģ˵ĹҪ㣬˭֪㲻ģӣǰ˵Ļ㵽ûȥ 
СÿֲҸΪԱĽԶҪֲĶࡣ 
СС˵ĹǸ̬ôңҲ¾ݺҵġ 
ô֪˼ĽݸĹݺһС˸ʲô 
ԭҪǾ˵ˣҼʹ˵СҲδؿţֻõҲµġ 
С̾ͱɫס 
£µĶҲСɣţĽݼλӣѾλҲϲ㣬ֻܴˣɣ 
ô֪ﲻϲң 
ȻԼҲָоС׿˵ЩëȻôҶĳһ 
ߣ㣬ֻҪһ仰͹ˣ˽ʼһδҪĹ飬ֲ˰ûˣ˵ĹҲһء 
ҲŲҪǱ̬ңһϷװˣ㿴СôҲƭˡ 
һǵùΪʲôÿ˶ϲң 
һɥӣСæȰҪ˼ˣ˵ạ̊́ҪСˣǾû˸Ҷġ 
ͷ룬һֱӸҵĸоУλһֺǿӲѹұΪ˵أСӦòῴˣξСĻ 
С˺þòҪߣæеС࣬ʲôʱң 
ҪµģΪ㣿ſˣпȻͻСװͰ仰ͻȻ˵˾䡣ɣֵ 
֪СָȴͷһԲ 
С࣬ûϲһˣ֪֪һͣôôɵ˵ܻܿ˺أ 
ұϵı޺Ҳ˿ںܿͻã̺ȴһӣʱ̵ңǸҵһһҪء 
ҲӲңҲԭװң 
Ǹ͸ҵİ 
ҧſڴͷ°Ͷͷϣˮ˳ղϻȥڱ޴ʱûޣСǰסޣĿڴжһ˺飬˺ѵʹҪȺ󱳵ʹܣʹҳ˷ڴͷ֮ 
ӱط֮ҿһůĻ֪˭ˣ˫ֱӣЩۡ 
۰ɣ 
֣Ϊʲôܲҵ£ 
̧ͷˮ˫ˮӯӵӿȥԵʣæգգۣξӨ۽Ǵ˳ 
Ҹȥˮ΢ЦСɲ԰佻ǰõҩϣҪ֪㻹ڱԹʹһĵġ 
佻չӰɣʵѾˣҪǺľͲˣæͷְɡ 
ΪʲôһֱŲޣʵ 
̧ͷҲ֪һú͵Ŀ⿴ңҲҿһš 
ӵҵͷСɱԩһίΪʲôҪСǰװµӣ 
ԭӶˣǰƵ˵ҲСൣġ 
ӦҵǶĸ 
вҪôúòã֪Ҷûеֿˡ 
ˣһʹ¿ˮĺãӿɲС࣬һұЦҵġ 
Ұͷڶӵǰʼ˵û͵ϰ鴮Ҹû͵ӵûҡ 
Сɴϰ𣿡 
ѵҲ 
뵽һ㣬ҵͻȻһʹ 
Ҳġ 
һϰһЦЩĵĶҵӾͲɾҶ͵ץסǰ½еҵ£ס˺ҵ·ͣңҺú£ֻߡû 
Ľݾ͵Ŀ 
ȻϣǸϰϲò꣬û뵽ξȻӶŹ 
Сɵ£֪֪ 
С˶ԼҵţĽݾæźӵ㷢Ŭʹ 
Ǹ͸ҵģϸߴңѣϣǣΪʲôҲΪʲôҪôӣǲҲԣӲң 
ϲ㣬Ϊ㲻ԣã֪ʲôֵȥϧġ 
Ҳ 
Сɣ㲻ض벻¾ͲҪ룬ΪֵȥЩĵ£óԵʲô˯ôãѵһ𣿡 
ΪʲôôҪҾȻˣһѣһöӺö 
ʲô 
ͷ룬ͻȻ۾һæ̧ͷеӵؿӣСʵβǲǺܹ󣿡 
һ㹦󣬿ŰſڴͷһҸʳСɣƷ˱㲻ӶЦ 
짷̾ǸӣһеóԵģͰѲĵȫˡ 
佻ͬҡҡͷ˵ֻǲԸȥˡ 
짷ɵǰɣҿĿлһβҪĽǺֶΣһ仰Ͱ⺢ӵ˼˱ȥ 
ô˵Ժ˭ҲҪСǰ֣ܵǱֹܼ˵һ⺢ˡ 
佻짷һۣǰæʵҪһ͵С 
䣬ͱһ˫۹ݺݵ˻ȥӹֻǽҥ˵ѡ 
짷üĽݣ쳾Ѷ˾ɱɱӦ͵˾ǣ⣬սʮҲһԻ֮㻹Ҫӣǲװɣ 
ĽݾɱҪҵ 
Ҿеǰȴ񡭡 
ĽݾЦЦĿתݵĺϣѾһΣٴڶΣ 
짷ʼ硣Ӣѹ˹ذȻǸ㲻ʲôˣֻҪϲͺãˣ⺢ȬҲûЩʱ䡣 
Сɣٽӫѩ㣡 
ĽݾŮӫѩݺݵĽ䴫˹ʱ˵߶˹ȥ 
ͷǰüƯ㣬Ӳߣ̳úСһȴһװͰ͵ӣҺѵˣ׳Ƶġ 
Ҷ˺ϲĵģźҳԷƺİΪʲôˡ 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊҽ㣬ҽˣ 
ǡ㱾ͱ 
 
нʲôϵһǶܰճɻҽŭϼʹ֪ˣӫѩ 
ϴһЦҿչվЦҲˣСɣˣôЦ 
ӫѩȴһѰǰĲȫʰˣ޺޵ص㲻ԣˡ 
ذѶʰȥίر죬ϲĵĲųڡ 
СɣӫѩΪãѲãǸԣ̫ܳࡣ߹Цҽ˵ 
ԭӫѩС൹ 
ǲǿԶԵأæʵ 
Ӧÿ԰ɡ 
Ǿͺá 
ѾϴЩԭ£ھȻΪҸоֵֹģҵһò󻰣ΪǸѾӰϴһֱЦ󶼱ﲻסЦ 
һжʰҿչ˵Щʲô˺þչӲߣѾҲȥ 
߽ҽһ£ԼҲɵ˴ϣְ§ 
бſڶӵϣһֱſڴҪˣҲϲůůĸо 
ǡ 
ӣΪʲôҪ˯ҵĴ 
 
һŹĶӣ˵ 
СɣҵĴԵʱһֱ˯ķ䣬ˣȻҪ 
ӺĽԶĻ͵һҾΪͬűǼģǵӲˣڶӡ 
ʶӣϧûʵĻᡣ 
Сɣ˯ɣ⼸Ҳˣ˯ԼĴȽ 
Ϊҵ²ô۵İɣҲٶ໰ԴƽȵĺȵϢҲҲŽ硣 
ҾͳմĲ˼ӵСˣմ綼ҪҳƺǹӣӫѩҽһǶǹˣֻ˳ǵ˼ 
ҵĺÿ춼ҪҩϵЩ¾ȻǶӰġ 
Ϊһմڸҩʱײˣһذմ˳ȥֻմеǼ㲻ڣСɷҩǴֻвˣûŮ֣֮Ҳϲˣ㲻ҪľԱòã 
ŶЩӣҵľͿʼСģʶһοӣŪҲú¡ 
С˵ĶԣӾԲȥôºͿס 
ܿҵĲ£΢ЦҵͷȻһߵҩʼϷ󣬲ʵСɣԺÿҩòã 
æͷ 
Ҹ˵𣿶ղôմ磬ﻹ˸Ҹҷҩ 
Сɣ˿ڻ۵𣿡 
ţˣЩطᷢ 
Ǿ֤˿ϡ 
Ǿͺãſڴϣúܡ 
ڴĵſ죬һСͻȻңƯһ˫۾׵ӣҲװңô޵ñһ 
СһұЩݺύıˣСһֿʼޣҶֻҪմҩЩ˰̾ͻ䵭ûɾȰסȪӿСǣֻſޣͲڽʲôӫѩԱ˵˾ٿ޾ͲƯ˵ĻСסˮ 
ΪСǵĴޣҼóһȺоСһ㶥Ӽ¯ȶˡ 
СǺھεԭûܰҾʵСǵ£Ҵûֹοôһޣ 
ҵ̬СǺܿģ˵Դҳºÿ˯ȣΪйȥܾȵң˭֪ȴϰ˵Ҳ󣬻˰һҹ֮ûȥҹӣ˵Ǹ˲Ϥ硣 
֪СԺԶǰǰЦˣǶֻ˵Ŀʱһȥ 
ʮҩҺ󱳵ıʼϣԲţҲ´߶ˣմҩԡ 
˵ʵڵģһ಻֪ʲôݸľһúöģһĲԸӱ˵ҩԡҺ󱳵ı޺ȫʧһ˰̶һ⻰Ͼɵ㶵ظҲں˰̣ԼҲ 
Ҿ͵ڶοɫմĪЦӡ 
մһʱǳϲЦ˺þòûЦ۽ǻ᳤ЦƵģԵϡ 
С˵öԣӿڳһҪμס 
ӵɫҺ£ҲҶ˵һ֣ԹԵҩҩԡӵɫžͺתˣ˵Ϊ˽ңϻһģԺΪİĵģҾͲٷҩԡˡ 
С࿪ʼңƵĺתĴҲԽԽ١ 
зһֵֻҪСңһϳ֣ǴڨŸС˵ʹСȥҲȴִ˲ƣûһĸС˵ЦҾúܲ⣬ƽʱǸϲ˵ôһСȫأĮκСǰҪʰ·硣 
ҸԾ֮һ¡ 
һСң˯ˣСûңһڴ߾ķʵʱѾˣֻǿֻ߽ܺܺıۼ£ΪʵڲÿαСʺٱݺݵصۡ 
ͷʹ˺ܾãΪʵ벻ԼλԶϲˣǰһǺе 
ƺûѾˣСԾɵͷͣڱ𴦣ȴƽС࣬ʵΪʲô 
ʲôΪʲô⻰Ҳ̫˰ɣû 
СȴˣûΪʲôôͼ˸䲻㣡 
Ȼشܲ⣬ߵص㲻Ҫдʣ佻ʱҾԣҿú㵱ʱǹŵģȴͦôֱҴûΪͼκ˶߹öࡣ 
СЦô˵̧ˣҶԼ߹ 
⻰ 
ΪʲôҪԼϲ㣬ѵ㿴ϲҲÿζҽӽ㣬ǧټ㿪ģҡ 
ӣҲûôҲɲժ¥ĶҪӣŶӵ㣬ֻǸͷСˣûð˹ӵ£ 
С࣬Ȼ˵ңҵʲôˣ֪ϲɵӣѵУ짷绹Ȳһɵ𣿡 
ϲ˭޹أ߿ 
ɵӣ 
˵Ұ磬㿪ʲôЦСϲңģÿ첻Ǵ̸ϲˣҪ˵ϲҲӦϲŶԣûÿμ㣬С۾Ҷ 
ԣǵ¸Ҫңô϶İҹɵһУֻе㱿ѣҪҪ˵ô 
ЩҪһ£Сŭؽеſң 
ЩԾæ۾ֻ罫СڻֿסСͷʹԼȻѴСĴϣǵúܼңһ˵С࣬С࡭ 
ž 
һİƽһߣȻСͷҲصı˳ȥһҲűȥûע⵽̫𾪶һ߱ͻŵôҡ 
ãá 
ҿ˭ûҿһĻСĸԣһᱻɱڵģҵһηСѾǿֲֿݵˣӵĶⶼ˦˵ҾǿһҪǿöࡣ 
СûңҺõ鷳ʵ֤ҵĵĶǶġ 
мȵģֽ˺üŮ֮⣬ʲô鶼û 
Ҳ֪Щû֦չŮʲôˣӫѩһ䣬˭֪ӫѩһм˵ЩǻŮӣ˵Ҳѧã֪ƯŮơ 
ԩΪСൣĲʵѽŮӣӫѩұ⣬Ҷݺݵһ٣ٴӫѩСͬףʲôҪ֪Ҫٽ 
ԴµػҾʽΪӵ࣬ʱֻժ¥ڣʵϣĻǸŶӳȥ£ӫѩȴ˵ȥˣժ¥Խ¥ûôɵĸࡣ 
ժ¥ҶɽׯߵĹһ㶼һҶɽׯǱ߾ʹûӫѩѾʹڶǰҲһװͰ͵ӣֱС㻹ҪС㣬Ҵ۽硣 
ӫѩһˣ֪ǸĳܺõˣȻʱ˵̱һЩһϣСӫѩǺƵģһ̲ס͵͵ֹ˵ѣ⻰Ҳ֪ôľӫѩҶ䱻š˼ȦҺһ̿ĺմǴЦֹҲֹ̿Сɳ֪˼ýˡ 
ֻһ˵ѣҪҪôԸ˵ҾȻϲС£һֱ׿СģԴӺ糳ܺûһףҲʣֻһ͵͵ﷸֹ 
һֵǣǰһñʾͷ۵ëûˣȻⲢһд֣ǻ֣ʱĥīģΪɫ¾ĥīˡ 
վڶһĥīһ߿дĸҵȤ֮һȻʲôǿдʱǸר־ӣҾ;ú˧ 
46 
Ͼʱӻմʲôģմ˵ӵΧܸߣʷ֣Ҳǲ̲סһ䣺ȻնôߣΪʲôսʱһȥӦս 
̲סЦֻԵһ֣ǿʤ֮ģ㲻塣 
仰ͷ˺ܾҲûףӾ㲻ã˵ЩĻ 
ĵĻ䳡ϿȭÿοӸմǲһҾҲȥһսȸԾ֮ģ˵ҵ廹ûȫԭ˺֮ͽһЩǿĹ 
ҶǿĹûʲôȤ˵ҪѧַѽѽĹ򣬶Ӷû˵ľ͵ͷӦ˵ҵи֣һɵñǶߣ˺øˣϾ͸ǰҲӣңΪֹز⴫ء 
Щֻһ˵ģû뵽⻰һӵı顣 
մ翴ӣ˵⺢Ӻûء 
ӻû˵æӿڵҵȻûˣǿ󱳶ء 
Ϊ֤û£һԭ¡ 
һ˿ֵĹâ΢ЦСɣǸĺӣ֪һûµġ 
ǺǣڿҴء 
϶ͶºĿ⣬һ죬æƵ˱𴦡 
һ£Һ󱳵˾ȫˣӦҲκ˰ɣΪմÿθҰһĲ˼顣 
ôСɣһӣȻͭǣ˾Ǹǿ׳ĳӣҪȫָҲûʱ䣬ôһ¾ͺó 
ΪմҽС˵õĶõҩҺõĿʲôֵģ 
մ绹һľ棬ҡͷˣõҲ˵ɣ뵽ˣСɣһ볣ˣҵҩ˰ɣ 
ʲôҩˣ 
ǳԸҩٰ룬һ㶼۵ǲǣСɣҪͬ⣬Ҿÿ춼իĵĸԡ 
 
ÿܳԵĹȻãɻҪҩ롭 
뿴ܿ£ʵϸоģۣǺҩеǿˣһÿ춼ҪҩĺѺȰǵġ 
Ծϵʱ˰˴𸴡 
СɲҩˣҪôУȥæӣ 
ӣ 
ת֪Ƕӻˣæ´ܵߡ 
⼸ŰȥˣΪҪþöأû뵽ô죬ŶһЦݵĿң̲סǰסͷӣҺ㡭 
⼸ûжԣ˯ȣĻӵǼů¯Ҫů 
ҲСɰ 
Ӻ紺Цҵغ 
ȿȡ 
֪ΪʲôմͻȻҿһһȥӺˣʹҴ뿪ˡ 
մĺе㵣ĵصմɤӲ̫ãҪҪԼŻ÷ 
Ǵ򣬶չԼסҵֵСɣҵ鷿иСһϲ 
Ŷ鷿վʵӣҪдҰĥī 
ҵòôīԽĥԽӫѩЦ˵ⱲӾǸ˵С˵̷˵к㣬ͰǼ˶һӣҺò⣬´ҪСѧЩ´ʶǾô 
ҲдţҪһ¡ 
Աߵ£˭֪һֽȥϡ 
ҵˢľͺˣȻһڶӵĻߣϵĻͷһΣҶӻһǰһҲܶ 
ǿôϵ֮ܰϮҾ˵ͷҲָֻ̧קסѵһǲͣؽš 
ף 
ͻȻһֻСڹڵҵǰ 
ֻıɫС꣬ͨ徧Ө͸۾úڱʯǶɵģе̣ЦһɵɵĺÿɰæֽӹӨӨĹ˵ÿɰСӴ 
ǰһϾ뵽СɻϲȻ 
ССͷðİŵ̨Աߣ˵С԰ϵֽҾ÷ˡ 
СúܿɰһܹذɣϴεĽѵҲҺ˼ˡ 
ӡ 
һůӴӺ潫˻ס̾˿˵͸СɵСɲҪ𣿡 
 
ȻҪĲˣֻǡ 
Сڹ귭 
ùС泯ϰ˹ֻСԲĶϿһСС֡ 
ɡ 
ӦǷ֣ǰѧģСһľǷ֡ 
ǰԩСС͵ģΪϿء 
һʯͷʱأæϲذС걧˻ 
ܵҵĻٱԩϵİɣĺϸء 
ӣлл㣡 
ϲͺá 
ӣȡְɡ 
СˣȻҪСȡ 
ǾͽСˡ 
ϻһ˿ȵЦݡСꣿҲ𣿡 
ôһ˵ֻ¿ʼ롣 
ҪʲôСë?СףСǣСࣿвУСҵĺܰСϡ 
㻹ǽСɡ 
ûע⵽һʧܣϲҲ˵Сá 
һԼĶĻŭŵİС﷭ȥţû쵽ӵĺЩ٣סҵ˫ֻ΢΢Ų 
47 
Сɣҿһ󱳵ˡ 
š 
ҵ˼˿ȫСϣֻӦһ䣬ÿζǶӰҷҩǰһҲò˼ 
˳ӵĽ¿۽⿪Ȼ󽫳ĺ󱳶Ŷӡ 
ӣұϵ˺ǲѾǳ˺ܶࣿ 
ǡ 
ӵЩ죬˫ִ´סңǰ͸ĦţϴֲڵϼĦҵļϣЩʹȴһֺܹź󱳴һ˿˿иĶңеҲе飬̲ס߳ 
ҵ˱øǿң֮м˲鲼ҵ󱳣ǰ˫Ҳҿ۵øصĴϢԽԽǴʪ֮Ĵ˱ҵļͷǣֱ쵽ҵϡ 
ӡ 
еһӲҵβһҵزͷֻżĿϲѲţҸϵĸЩԽԽ£ԴֱĶ͵ȼһůӾؿĻ 
ҧҵգۿҪҵĴߣҵҶǿȵĿ⣬˵ϾŻǺ£ͻȻƿסҵ˫֣һߵ·˳ȥ 
ҺΧûˣҶ߶º£һ·ңҰŴסĻҵ 
ֻţҲ÷ɿ죬֪ΪʲôƿӣʵҲִղҵĸܵĽӴм˷ܣϲãм¡ 
¶ӣҲ֪Լʲô£Ҳһеƿ 
ƽҲž쵽ԼղŵжжʧֻǸСˣʲôҶûȨܾģȴ˶ӵӡ 
뵽ıŻŵĿʼ£˶ӣҲ֪ȴԼĽʲôҲ֪᲻ϰң 
Ƶ˹ҵͻһæصסţ֪Ÿһƣһνķ 
СɣԲ𡭡 
͵洫ղһʱͿԺ󲻻·ˣ㲻Ҫ¡ 
ǳƽ͵ұֹͻȻԼɵǸˣȻЩҡ 
СãҰſڣǵð 
ˣ 
ŲԶȥҸ˺þòԥŰŴ򿪣ӰûУſڵĵ϶˶ֻС꣬æ 
ĿʼЩڣ϶˺ö飬Ҷ˵ģ˽⣬֪ղŶڸ󻶣ҲƿģҵӣҲҵľˣôãģʲôֻǸͼСˣҪװߣ 
С꣬⣬Ļһ 
ǶûңʱҲû֣̲סһԵӫѩȥ˭֪ҷۡ 
Լȥﶼ֪൱ĵˮƽ 
˵췢£ҿ˵мϵݷãӺմǣҿȥ˾¥򻨷ȵأҪܻ 
һ˵ȥ˻ֵطƵĺ֪ܲϵӦ꣬ɻǾòġ 
ûɵӣӫѩֵʵСɽ첻ϲĵĶԡ 
ǰԼҲò˼飬ʽζĵİǰ᲻ 
Ҳǲ˰ɣ 
һֱҲӻұСڴͷ˺þãڰסᵹڱ˯ˡ 
ԺиоŽݣ۾ӣ 
š 
΢ľһŨҵĹ㴫ҵı 
ӹȻȥֵط 
ҵԼЩʧ䣬ŶҲƣô˳һѣɵ˴ϣƣӣ²ãͷ 
ʵͬѾкöˣÿκʱϾͻоȴǲͬʱǵĲ軨㣬ʱŨ㣬ʱŵĶ㻨ζ 
ҲΪʲôҲҪϣ͵͵ʹӫѩ˭֪ǸСƳһۣ˵̻ŮǵǾ̸⣬ٵ˹㣬ҪעһˣͻᷢҲζˣ˵ûһǺöҲ㣬Сɣ 
ǰ̫첻֪ʲôԣǹŨζҺܷ꣬ҶƵİת棬ǽͶһξ롣 
ʹˣŨҵĹ㻹ǲҵıķң˺þò˯ȥ 
ڶͣ뿪ˡ 
Сһ㶼ְҲãҲãҾʹû̹𴲡 
ҴҴ˵㶫ܵմҩҩԡѳÿĹΣʹմ粻ڣҲҰҩãʱá 
һĵҩڿ䳡ͺҩԡȥ֪ΪʲôЦգܾЩģ첢ǳܰɣӦòΡ 
òװ˰ʱæҩף·Ǳһܹȥ 
ϲ˳ųȥˣժ¥ҶɽׯôϣΪҡ 
û뵽ܵȹ䴦ʱӭ߹һˣû񣬲ƫеһͷײĻ 
˭ 
űײʹĶͷȥǱܵùĿĽԶҡȣЦЦվҵǰ 
ǺǣҲ÷ɱô챻˳ԵģΪӾǾȻǿѵ£ⲻ֪ӲǺõ~~ԵĻһʲôĳСԺֻҪһҪóһʱء䱻Ź~~ 
Сɣˣû뵽ҲôңȻͶͱ 
һ뵽˺Ҳ㱻ҵŭ͵سݺݵسʵô 
ժ¥Ҷɽׯֻһǽ֮ȴأСǺС֮⣬ҴûĽݸ 
ĽԶЦݷö磬Ҳո֣˳㿴㻹ûС 
ԭˡ 
ĽԶЦ˼ض˵СɣǸֵĺӣôٶ򣬲˭϶һǲһ£ֻĵˡ 
㵱ȻϣƺңҵôӲƫƫˡҲŻ 
˵Ҳ֣ǰЩĽԶģɱǮһĻһֱô˵ĶʣܴżֹЦҲҸе־壬˫ԶŶǸ޵׵̶Ƕ࿴һۣбȥĿܡ 
Դұİʱ̬ǿҾ;Ҳûʲôµġ 
ĽԶҵŭӣҵĻǽüһЩ㵵Ц 
СɣСڻ֪˭ں㣿 
˭ɱڣ 
ҵĻĽԶЦøˣҡžĺҡҡͷ㻹ǴϲôôɣҶ绤㣬ƶʱ֮ûжˣ˵㵹б£һʮһС˶ͰҶ磬Ūߵ˵ҶĴҶɲ磬Ƿ³߹˵ˣɵõģС̷һᷳ㣬һ߿ 
ʲô£̬ 
һĽԶȻӣҶʹﵽ˼㣬ʤݺҵǼ¡ 
֪ͲôϹˣˣһ춼Ҫùġ 
ĽԶٿسסҵͻȻϬҵĸ첲ץס߬ 
ʹ 
ͻȻе㺦£һʱ֮ŭΧһ˶ûУ˭֪ô 
Сɣ㻹еҵģп־壬Һܿġ 
߬Ҹ첲־˿סҵıĿֱϤа棬ĽԶ֣ЦСɣ㻹ûûΣô˵ǰҲΪΪأû뵽ûϣΪ跹˼ġ 
ǹɱ˵ɢҿᴭ 
ΪҲ跹˼ 
⻰ҿɲ̫ţĽԶо仰˵ˣһЩûûΡ 
һ˸ʱЩ⣬֮ĺĵĸо 
ⲻܹ˭իĵıŻͣÿӫѩ죬죬壬ŻСС棬ôæпӵ¡ 
ڱĽԶôһ˵ͷ룬Լú顣 
Сɷǣƺ۸˶ûʲôýϰҲͲ֪˻ 
ôͻȻϰ壿 
ЩĪı飬ĽԶƵصϰǰǰ£·֪˾ƷڵأԴײ·Եϣôһغˡ 
ʲôϰˣ 
̵ɴ۾ 
ȻǸϰ壬ϢһЩȣʹҲ㱻ȴû뵽Ҫ 
ôԾҪģ㲻ǻڹŹתһȦ𣿡ĽԶµʼ磬ȻĿ¶ϡ 
ʱһεϮһһ 
ĽԶȴǰסҵ˫磬˫׵˫ͫңҧгݵĻô˳˫³ 
Сɣһ⻹ʲôһ׳գȴһźԻ˵İɣСҴģԣҵģ 
Ųǡ 
㻹ǿ죿ϴ㲻һûǾָһŤϣٰ֫Ȼ˷Žɹ̫ʱҿ᲻Ľк㲻йҵҪĹֶܼáСɣ㲻ôõҶò˶þͻᷳ㣬ʱ㣬һ˵ˡ 
ųаЦݵҺý˫ҿеϵŶôǿҵԹҶø֪лᣬˣһôġ 
ĹӣҶ𻰣һʲô 
ӫѩһҼæܵߣץסĸ첲 
ĽԶЦָֻǰǸںӣؿңЦСɣûϢŮȹʲô 
ӫѩޱػؾĹӣժ¥ĽݸЩִ磡 
ĽԶһ䣬ӫѩֻǳҵСɣס˵Ļ 
һ˵תԹﳤȥҺӫѩ 
Сɣû°ɣ 
ӫѩеĿ⣬Եҡҡͷ 
ĽԶ˵öԣĺûϢǼ仰ΪʲôҪô 
ʵͲˣµ˵µǷ 
ĺܿͻңȻһ߿ʱǲǾĽԶڲˣ 
Ҳɫӫѩˣĺҵְο˵Сɣ㲻£ĹֻŻ㣬ûʲôµģղŶӿԳ˴鷳Բĸ 
ԭӫѩĳֲżȻΪӹҡ 
뵽ҵı㽥 
СɣҪҪȥǰСҲء 
ҡҡͷ 
Щ´Ӻǣܲǲúá 
ҲãһҲϲȥԺתתմ綼Ǳߡ 
ð 
ӫѩԺȥܲɣǲŴȣͼһ˳Щңջų죬ŭݣԭһ̱󣬴ӺСȴߡ 
49 
ӫѩæҹ¸ֻ˵˾ɣǲվͷһߡ 
ӫѩҵ־ˣȥȡҡ 
ӫѩһۣǡ 
ӫѩߺߵߣ˵̧ͷ 
Ļдһ˿ǿӲҲ̧ͷȴ΢΢ЦСɣ󣬾Ȼû 
⻰е㲻ԾæմūžȻģҽø 
û¾ͺãСɣһοҪСˣÿζô˻㡣 
˵ֺȴûɵظеһ䣬æ˵ͷ 
־ûϡӴҴ߹󻹸ӫѩ 
ŶһЦҲҷŵطˣ磬ҪǿǵͻҰ 
ǣʩһ 
뿪󣬶ǲӫѩȻʵղ˵Щʲô 
ȻһֱӣɵǰʱȴֽŵҪͰ͵صֻʺһ䡣 
ղǻӦʺɣ 
ӵ˵ͷû˵ʲôת鷿ȥæʵӫѩ˵ӺСҲˣôûǣ 
ȻȥˣҪСǣһͷ˽ 
òáҡͷ 
ĽԶŵǷҵе䣬ӸӺմǴþˣԽԽԼݡ 
鷿Ҽ£ƺҪдæһߣ̨ڿʼĥī 
ӽֽ̯ʼӱ飬ҿ֣أҳţĥī󣬱ԹԱźš 
һߣ͵͵ŶӣӲ濴ȥӵĽëóüбޣ촽΢΢ţ߻һ˿Цݡ 
ʵӺӳú񣬲ͬӵˣӸ嵭ŵȣ뷲һ㣬һ˿׵Ļ֮ 
ŶӣҺȻһ龰ʱҲʼͣ 
СɣСɡ 
Ŷ͵ػعֶҡ 
㲡ɫô졣 
һæҡҡͷû£Һܺãܺá 
ӫѩ˵Ķûԡ 
 
˭ڣҺ˼룬Եĵ鶼ûС 
ҵͷصû£ûθΪС 
º͵ЦЦСܿɰСһ 
ҵĶͷһæһ˹ȥ 
ֻǿӵľҪǱҵĲ֪᲻ĳ 
ҲֱӶӣ漴ͷֺεͣڿУһŵĿЦҵͻȻúܡ 
˼ҲǹҪģֻǱܷӦ´Σ´һ㡭 
һΣΪ֮ļҺͶȻǰͬߣٰӵڻˡ 
ҼǵǰҲĽԶʹӵһȥ̵ģβ˵Ҳڶǰ˵ЩʲôɣʵС˺˯һԭͲϹأֻºͣʹҲ˵ٲʶĻǾ̫޴ˡ 
ǣһǰڹ˵ҵѾȫˣٺͬܲȥ˯ 
⻰ɫٿ˺þòʣҵĴ𣿡 
ıе㺦£æ͵ûУûУбҲûء 
ûȥ̾˿ˣ㰮ɣľͺá 
ллӡ 
ӰӫѩԸΪðһСҶ˯ҿӫѩ⻰һȵĿҡ 
ʵֻҪ̾ͺãһҪôų͵ۿɫҾû˵ʲô֪ΪҺá 
ʵ˯һʱ嶯ģСϺϾͺˣȻӫѩΪ̵ޱ൱ʵ˯һ㶼ҲӲӲģӵţȻҲӲӲģȴҺܰģǿû῿˰ɣ 
𣬶ϾͻúˣҾֻбСڱСߣ֪ԼǵöӲ죬ʵҲܲģÿŵ۵ζҶ 
һҸƽʱһһ˯ڷ֪ôε˶ӣƽ΢Цſңұڻĸңǳ§һ𣬿Ҳûĸо෴ȫȵա 
ҵһοӵ壬ΪҷԡǶǽͿǰԵʣֻܸоҽ§ס鷿һָҵĿذţĴҵĴǼζôҸе𶥵ţԽԽȣڣһɼ˳Ҵоѡ 
еȼʪһƬæϵƣڿȫǰǵҺ壬Ҳ֪ʲôǲܱ˿ģҺöӻûлæҴһڿ㣬Ϩ£ŵҪ 
۾ҲϻŷŵξҴûģҼٽͬ磬ֱҵ۾ôĺ˯⡣ 
һܵմҩȥû뵽ӾȻҲΣҼ̧ͷȥԥҪҪ˵ 
Ƕȿ˿ڡСɺٻô𴲰佻ǲʲô£ 
º͵ĻҲմ˵һҩԡ¡մ磬ɲ԰һһεҩԡΪһΡ 
ʲô˵һ飡 
մһŵҰѺĻȫ˻ȥ 
Ӳõɨһ۵Сˡ 
մ粻ӣµСɣһµҩԡ󱳵˺۶ӦȫȥˣûҪݣұͣأû뵽Ȼ񫣬׼һΣ 
ǰұϻкöС˺أȫȫ 
ǰǶӰҼ˿ڵģԴǼε·ûˣڶԼͭſ󱳾û˺Ҳҩԡֻ޺ 
統ȻҵĽͣߺߵصСɣǰҩԡ𣿻˵ʲô̶ںôͻȻˣҩԡβģǸõģ֪ҵҩжһӵĹǮҲ𼸴ҩԡҩ 
 
֪Щҩһܹ󣬿û뵽ôף͵ۿԵĶӣǷҵȷںںӵĿ֪ϲЩ˺ۣҾҪͳͳȥû뵽ҩԡôΪûǰҩļǮ 
Ǿ͡˰ɡ 
ӵҪ˵ڵĻСɼȻϲҩԡݰɣЩҩֲ𡣡 
մ翴Ŷӣֿңһʧܡ 
ҵĶӣССףҲЩҩǹ⣬ЩҩǻǮҲ󵽵ƷȻСɶûˣαػҪ˷ҩģ㲻ǶаСɼû˰㻹 
ҿеεؿһۣ˵һ϶ŵͬʱ 
ȳȥˡ 
ʼٸ߷ɿر˳ȥ 
ӵô£һֵֹġ 
佻ֵؿĽݾһЦ 
Ҳ֪治֪ϱǲǷ⺢ʲôôôСҾͷŲء 
佻ؿĽݾһۡ 
һǧҪݵ̫Ӻüޣ̽ҲвٻҶɽׯأ㲻ܰ¶Ƹ짷磬Լһ绨ѩ¡ 
Ľݾڶͷḧ˸ɱ⣬ȪսʮΪʲôڰﲻ֣ 
ǲ鲻ô֣ 
ĽݾЦ֪Ͳ鷳ˣ¹ȥ˵ʲôҲҪѶϡ 
ֻ¶ԷΪڻʹأʧһαԣһλ˴ֻ̿ͣ¶ⶫйء 
үǱأ 
ϴαֻˣΪбٳ𣿡 
գĽݾվ΢΢ЦĻҲٷ绨ѩˣȥ£짷滻 
ϣҸСڷ˺ܾҲӻ˵ֲˡ 
ʵӶһǰһãҩԡҪôҲҲľͰӦֻЦȻǰºͣȴ䵭˺ܶ࣬ңҵ۹е׷ӰҵȥҲеŵЦݡ 
ĸоʹǰϲ¸ʱҲйǲ˵ϲ˶ӣ 
ͻȻС࣬ôһԸҽķСҲ֪æʲôѾþûˡ 
һڴͷţ۾ʼɬ῿ڴͷ硣 
ڰиои߽ҵĴͷͻȻ 
ӡ 
ϲشУֵȴĽԶ䳰Цݡ 
̽ҵǰҶñ˵Сɣˣǵ˵ĻҪָͷһ۶ϣҪ㲻ϵ˻п޺ 
Ҫ 
Ҵ㿪ĽԶĹ˿ãֻؿǰקסҵֺ֣ñִ̹ǵҾֵؿץסҵһָͷЦȥ 
Ҫ 
СɣСɣѡ 
ϤҴнѣ͵ۣԼбڶӵĻһؿҡ 
ԭΡ 
ҴϢţȫ亹æ̯ƣʮָˣȷԼΡ 
һصȥ 
ղŵ̫ʵˣֱҵԺﻹظĽԶĮЦݣҺһңͰ߸ȴҵľˡ 
Сɣûˣûˡ 
ӽ§ڻҵļͷοңϤΪԼٲİˡ 
̰ؿڶӻұĽƽȴ᲻뿪Ļһֱš 
ӣԺҪ͸ĹӺҵָһŤϣˣҺ¡ 
СɣΰôģСֱģŲȻΣҴϢɡ 
š 
ôůĻҲ뿪ˣڶӵĻұĴϣҵһ쵽˲ϣΪӵǸΣ̲ס˫ֻסӣԼøһЩҸеӵ֮΢΢Ӳһ¡ 
ӣС˵˯󴲡 
뵽Ҫֿ˯ңҪһ˯ҲңҾ;ԼĺԣҵͷСС˵ȴӵЦ 
ðԺСɾ͸Сһ˯󴲺ˡ 
Ժǲһֱ˯ڶӻˣ 
ԭöණʧȥ˲žжҪСɣһҪʧȥˡ 
ڶҵСޱͱȫߣӫѩһĳЦҸطȥ 
ȥҲӷĹӺƢ 
ӫѩĿ̶ֲȽС࣬ҴǻֻԴ䡣 
һСɵϽʲô 
ĻȻô˳ӫѩעת˹ȥ 
硭 
ףҪҪеô塣 
߷ߵصӫѩΪʲô˵Ǹ⣬˵ 
ȴߵҸǰɫСɣҶɽׯժ¥̫ƽĽкö鷳Ҫƽʱںӣʵ˭ۣģҪϸң֪𣿡 
ʶû֣صĸ˵ұѵţͻȻѹСʵְ̫ˣô඼֪ 
Բ𡭡 
˵еúܣ컹Ϸ԰Сءӫѩżһ䡣 
֪ӫѩѹŹ˵ģ˵öԣҪһ㣬ϸҡ 
ҲǵҹŻһϾһСɣôˣ㻹û˯ 
˯ţ 
ߵǰһҵСӣЦӫѩ˵Сɽܹԡ 
æͷԺÿ춼ܹԵġ 
ӽˣɵϣƽʱһչȥѹϣ˻ĳ˿ 
ӣĸ첲ôˣ 
ҿӸղ·ʱе㽩Ӳʱû⣬ѵǡ 
ӳЦЦһˡ 
Ҳţæǰḧۣ˺üɴһô򵥰ɡֻ˿ڣ۵úҳӣǲҪɱ㣿 
һº͵һ˭˵Щʲô 
˭Ҳû˵Ҳµģ֪ǽлȪսɱʲôģǶһɱ֣ӣҺú¡ 
ǲᶯСɵģСɲ¡ 
ҲǵԼǻ˺ӡ˵ӵĻס޵֪ǶҲҪҪúûţء 
еֻĴҵĺ󱳣ЦҲģˣ˭СɵȻҲǺǵģֻǸ⣬Сɣٿȥһһ۵ģСıӫѩЦŶ 
˼ģ𻹿ЦҲ˵죬ȴ 
ӱƽ£ѹʹӵֱۣæƿʵӣ˭㣿 
ڰжĬһʮ 
ʮ 
ʮ 
ʮɱһˣǧﲻС 
ЩС˵ģû˿Ľ߹ʮæʵӣһ߹ʮǰɣǸɱأǲɱ 
ҲʮɱĶֻжֻǽ˽ֶѣṦܺãˡ 
ֱţҪ涯 
ӡУӵ书ӦǺܸߵģȻʮĽ¡ 
ѵЩɱô 
ӣǺˣΪʲôǶҪɱ㣿 
ֻɱ֣ɱֵûк˻˵ġֽСɣҪôˣҴӦ㣬һµģ 
š 
ҵȻŶһ£һﰵһ 
СɣСүСڣˣ㻹Ҫã 
ҹڣӫѩʮ߱ظͬĻ 
Ҳֻϰе 
ĳ飬ӫѩСеģʲôɶˡ 
һ磬Ҿӫѩѯʾ飬붼˵Ƿ£ȻȥݷˣҪǰ֪ΪһһʱĻƴ 
ӫѩֻʱΧŷ¿ʼɢÿתһȦǷ÷ڵò𸴺ȥתȦֱתڶʮȦ֮˷ 
ڻؼҵ·ϣӫѩһûڵظңⱲӾԾԲٴȥȻͱˣ֪ӫѩˣϾŷת϶ʮȦġ 
ӫѩһӵԹûȥصժ¥ҾһܵԺСͤϿ羰 
ǴůļˣͤϴǼ£и˵˾͸ˣСС񶼰һ˭ҡ 
ǰһˣƺ죬ȴ־ѹȥ˺ܾúܾá 
緹ʱӲûлǰҺӫѩˣЩʧұѻӵء 
극ӫѩʵǸӫѩǵׯǲժ¥ܽ 
ǰ͸һ֡ףСɣʲô 
Ҳ˼ЦЦӫѩҵĲˣµҲã뵽ׯǱ߰æء 
æ廨𣿡 
ӫѩһĲмֻøŽ͡ҵȻ廨һЩֻǿҲųʶ 
ʵҲãڶҲãҶӵĶ䣬ģҲȥһ쵽ǳԸ˯Ǻʲô 
ΪӫѩֻЦңû뵽ҵĻ֮󣬵ͷ˼ 
ɱ52 
ӫѩ 
ҿҲǣСһСڼµҲãȥׯСɣҪҪһȥԱ߲һ䡣 
ðð 
һ˵ȥׯæͷȴӫѩžԴһƣȻ˵𣿹ӻ᲻ 
ȥׯתת佻ҲǱߣµġ 
ôһ˵ӫѩͷӦ 
磬̫ˣûҲô˧ 
˷ܵظժ¥ 
֪ǲ߶ԵʣԳ֮󣬾һֱקסҵҺУͷһֱʵ磬ȥҹС𣿡 
ӹһ˿ãʲô 
ĿС˲ɣ 
֪ϲСģΪʲô㲻ȥ˵أ 
ЩҥǴģٺ˵С죡 
ҷ˸ۣϣЩϲĻԼ׿˵ 
磬СǸȻЩ̱ĳܺõģ㵱ԼʱŻ㡭 
죡 
һŵ̹ԹԱ졣 
װˣģôףˡ 
ұ첻˵Ҳûٳ˾ôĬׯׯǰ̾˿ 
磬Ԩ㣬˶ⳤ̾ʲôã 
ףԨʲô˼ôͻȻ뵽ʣ 
ֻһ̾ͱׯϷǿ˹ȥ 
ɰ 
ͷշһ̾;һѱׯ 
ׯȥҪժ¥ö߽࣬ȥʯ̳ɵĿͥԺм߸¥ָŸ¥ҡר֯ĴǽĹ̨ұ˷佻Ӧþ 
ǵǲǺܶأ 
֪⣬籨֮һЦƶø꣬ҲҪºõƷʹԺĺö֯Ҳժ¥ʹȥġ 
Ŷ 
û뵽ӾȻⶼ˻ʹԺȥҲԴʼʱ˧˧ӡ 
ⷢˣĽֲڣҪݾ͵ǰȥ粻ɷ˵߽ұ߸¥˷ 
մڹ̨ǰ̧̣ۿǽЦӴСɣôܵ 
Ҵģ⺢ӳ˵̫ƣ뵽 
짷磬Ҳ 
ʲôСǸˣֲǹСȸ 
Ǳģһ˺תתȥ¹ 
ǽǸߴ쾮ʹʹĳϷֱŲֱͬ꣬մǰĹ̨Ҳôߣ̨ܵ棬մԵһã㿪ʼ㷭̨ϵһ˱ϧдһֶ 
㿴ˣɻڼˣܹġմԱ˵ 
˵أæ̧ͷ˵µģմ磬ʲô¾Ͷˡ 
㣿ЩҶһˣΪأҪС𣿡 
 
֪Ҳʶ֣⻰ڼҾ죬ҿ԰˱ 
մҪ˵ֻһ˼ҴҴ߽չӣӣݼ 
մһۣմò裬Ͼ͹ȥ 
ȥմͷ˵СɣҸȥͣܡ 
ޡҽζط˱ͷҲ̧һ䡣 
˱ȫŵǸ򿪵Ĺȥһѵĸ͹ 
ð 
ֻҪлɾУҰڹϵ˱ϺãȻһŻĳЩ˱أŰ˺üأŰȫŻԭ 
ʱ˽ʢˮĵ̰ڵϣЦеصүõġ 
һæ˵СɾͺˣֻǸСˣү 
ҪҪãүáЦ˵ϲ裬˵ǰ 
ŵ˼ 
죬µģֲܵģôһ뷢߰׵˼źң 
˫ְѲӹȥлȻ˵Ĺܼ𣿡 
ǵģү 
һԻػζģǵһûô֯أܴܲȥ 
ȥ巻תתܱﱻźĺã˵һ԰ʲôæ֪£һҹԵġ 
õġ 
õұ˳˿ģ˷űǰˣϰ 
쵽д巻ŴŵǽϹһ޴ｭɽͼһɽһˮúϸ£Ҽǵö鷿Ҳͬһͼ˵Ƕǳׯˡ 
ŰųŮǷǰͷͣȫƺע֯ϣȫûע⵽ǵĵ 
ۣ巻ô󰡡 
Щ࣬һ˰ɣ廹ǹӦ£ǶĿ 
æһƣ˵Ǽƽ͵£ɲðϲﳳ֡ 
ͷСʵ巻ȫ𣿡 
ֻǴĵطׯԶмҳӣǱҲһЩƷ֯壬үҪϲǾһȥ 
ðð 
˵ŻһǰһٻļĵѾ˴µϵŵˮ龧Өƺʱȥһ㡣 
氡һء 
𾢣ͻȻС˵үȥȥ￴ 
š 
һ˴Ҵ뿪ұְƵǷƷϣ۾Ŀ 
巻߿ߣתһȦҲ̧ͷ¥ϵķ䣬Щʲôõģŵȥ˵ԴģǻǶӲˡ 
ɱ53 
ߵ¥Ϻ֪ǻ͵ĵطΪմ 
үʵǲ˼ΪЩƷҪųͽүµ֯廹Ҫٵϼ죬үʹãү 
ղ˵ʲݼģմ˿ں˵ 
Һ𣬿Եһȴǰ뿪ŵģֽߣ͵͵̽ͷȥֻжһλԼʮӣһǷķüйѱƣȲǳˡ 
±ֻ֣͵͵һۣͷٿǵĶԻǼŴҵĶ 
ֻһϵȻǵۿͣû˵һǰ͹ˣû뵽ãׯŸոտʼ֯壬չӣ㲻ҪҾҲҪĸ°ɣ 
үʵڱǸʱ𸮵ĹܼʱǾѾ˵ҲҪ֮ϣѾڸϹˡ 
չӣ˼˵ǿˣ 
ҡ 
ҿĽݾûүɣڻǺúܣҲҪ˾Լݣ 
˵ӵĻأһү˵ⲻҲҪи󵽰ɣүʲϵ 
ӿڵүժ¥κο˶һͬʣҶүа㲻֮ģ֯ǱصϹүʹá 
ˣ 
𾢣Ȼͷһ£һعͷҰڰ֣Ȼ¥ 
үܵȥ?λƢǱңҪǷ͵һġ 
ѾڴˣƷϲʲ˰ΪʲմǶҪģ 
ǻϵ׸磬Ϊһģү㲻ȥ̿ʹȥɡ 
ǺȥģҶæﻹ˼ң˵Ҳȥˣҿһǻժ¥ˣͷմ˵һ 
ɸͷүȥ 
ãһֵ·Լȥˡ 
ǳժ¥ȥ˭֪չչһ֣һӭ˹žΥҵͻȻһ͡ 
ӣ 
ժ¥ÿңڵģҺ뵽ӣû뵽ڴȻʱҲңĿٿȻһǷһ˿΢Ц 
ҺٿЦʵЦúܺÿֻտȥǰһЩüҲЩ㲡 
Сɣ 
һͼӿ첽˹붼תȾܣҪǱץס֪᲻ִһ٣СǿɼܲסĴ 
СɣСɡ 
ǻԽҾܵԽ죬ҺСȺﴩȥܿͰ˦˿ 
ҹսһƧСͷû׷˿ 
ӵ㲣֪ǲò˳ԵʣȻҲ㱻ǸʧǵӣһЩۡ 
ǵóϦǣҵֻؼҵĴֺƣǵһʱҽڻļʵţΪϧͰȴԭǶʩᡣ 
Щᣬգգ۾ס˽Ҫµˮ 
ӵżͻȻòתĬĬ뿪С˭֪˼;ǰ͵һڣһҵͷ£֪˺£Ŵ 
ȡ 
ԱһʹҲ˻ԡ 
Ϻȣƺ沿ϵĴֻʹҺ㿪ϧȫһûУֻҶߵЦ 
һûϳ˰ɣʱ򻹻˭㣬ں㣿ҸҾҪǣģǶԹ磡 
ᴫȴ͸Ƣĺ⣬˭ң޵õҪҪɢ⵹ù 
죬ģһʱ֮侹벻ˣ˭˭ 
񷽲ˣоֻ̧ҵͷЩζˮҵֻ˯˹ȥ 
 
۾ 
һƬ谵һʱߵľִֻĵطЩӲݣһʪ֮ 
ãȻؿ˰죬ſԼһܴΧкö˷ɢŰڸÿ˶ľȻ俴ңڿһֻҵ񻬹ǣǵΧɵĴϡ 
׷ʲ£ᱻһĵط 
ҵͷʼʹҼǵԼΪӶܽһСžͱ鲼סȻиϤҶһֱͣЦͣЦ 
ǣ 
ҲڣһĵĲˣҪȥҲҪ 
͵˵դǰҡеҲץˣҳȥҳȥ 
ʲԣ˺þòע⵽ҡһЩŹֵ֮⣬ҸԼĽк 
ҾֵסӣþгǸûãҵĺ˿Ѱʹ˵ÿҾʹѵ 
ǰʵҹ˲úʹֿʼУҳȥҳȥ 
Ȼϴ˻һ¡ 
ˣҲ˵ 
ɱ54 
ˣɤӸŪˣʹҲܷ 
Ļ͵ػعͷ˵ǸµˣֽŶͣǽߣ֧ҡ 
ĵ̣˰̽ϷӶͷһֱ쵽ǣʹͺֿܴԵɲҷɢڼϣһ˫۾ڻ谵͵·ҰްĵĹâ 
ᣡܣҲܻƵģҪӣҪ 
һʧŷηö˶ͽͣЩϻźһĴ¡ 
Ҽæ˵ߣקס䣬ƴƣϣܸʲطҵɤΪϷٵñͻհĺӾʹѰ 
˲ͷ˦ңЦǲ֪ 
ڿͷЦһǳѺңǶӦ˭İɣ 
ˣׯƢǸүʲ 
ĻżϽҵͷӵʹƴŤԼɤӣ뷢ǳɤԽԽʹ֮⣬ûκα仯ҲظͬĶֱ 
ñưͣԶ˵ 
һˤڵأȴ˰ͷ𣬿ηǽϷһС촰þò˵֪ʲط𣿡 
̱ڸɲϣȥش𣬳֮⣬κҶûȤ֪ 
ԴǳԵԣᷳҰޣǾҰΧˣ˱ҪȤˣűԵıܣеĿ־壬ɺǰģЩֳĸҪҰ޶ö࣬Իʲܸ˷ܵģ 
ƽƽĵȴҳԾ̧ͷ̹֮Ȼˡ 
ֻΪޣҪ˵ΧѵЩ˵˵Ұ޻ 
ҵľȣǽϣһ󣡣Ĵ˸ǷҲǷɣֻҪбܳΧ֮⣬ӳˡ 
ҲҪҪȥҳȥ 
һĽͻȻͷֻһһݵӷ˵ǰкͷײţѪ˳Ķǰ£֪Ƶģ˻ߵؽкֹ 
㿴Ҳһ֪˭Īı˽㻹ǵùóҲͰˣȻ˶ֹؽ 
 
Ҳ֪Լ㲻Ϻÿǲġ 
һĪĵ״Ҳ˫գŴҵ־ͶԽԽ 
ģⲻģ 
Բ̣״綷ҵģÿһ£Ƥͻ֮ȥľľûκθоƤӣ촽ͳһţֲøղܾÿ嶫ԭ 
⸱ģҪ˵˲ϵң¾ԼҲʶԼ˭ݶŪֳ֮󣬻ӵ 
Ժ̸аס 
ĽԶ 
һеڶóն£ҲΪʲң޵ĵҵĻǶŹ 
ſڸɲϣһƬңǸĿޣ˺ѵĿ޺ϵһжġ 
֪˶ãһŲ˽ͬʱηе˶˷ܵ˵ſڣſڲݶ϶ûǰһš 
ˣԱ˲ܣ㲻ԣһľ㣡 
ҶѾˣܳȥû˻ʶңҲû˻ټǵҡ 
ͷһŶŵӱǰ˳ 
ҲЦˣҪҪӣʶҡ 
͵˵ſڣһʳҲʲƴ 
˵ûܲпܻһûأΪʲҪŲϣҪӣ˵ʲҪ 
ҲǶӶ˵ԵʣǶٷԵú㣬ܺ۵һǼֳͷеĲ˶Եһʣ̻ʵļƣǸ˵Щ档 
СС壬ͦܳԵ 
극ڵԱŵĻȻڣⱾΪĻû뵽һϣߣҾֶ˼ģ˿ҵֻһ뷨Ҫӳȥ 
ÿһһҾ֪ǹһ죬ļһ죬η˳ʪ⣬ûܵĵطһ͵ĻʳǷʢĲˣһָ˵ƵĲȣԵĺãӲǿ׳ܣԵɱƴǿܱܵһ伴Ҫгɾ͸еöࡣ 
һָǸˣڸֵʱ򣬻ҿֻûСֵָԴ˵ǰǽһ֪ɱ˶ˣβ˵⻰ʱЩ˸Ҹеʵлû˵ 
ģұȻһָη£ԭ˴Ǹһǳ˽ǴӸôƵΪιģ˵ϾһҳסȸҪõö࣬ԴȻҲܴ̹֮Ȼ 
ΨһǱսľֻҺǸˣǸݵƺһֱܽʵÿ춼ϼѵĿ޺ҿʼͬģܿľˣ˵ЩᷳΪ˵ĿֺŮ޳еһա 
55 
η˼죬ҵɤѾˣԾ޷˵ʲô޴ӵ֪ΪҸȥѾϰ綷ĸоͶĲѽʧ 
磬Ǹճ緹ȴһ˵ЦǰȻһ˹֮Żߵηǰ 
㿴εôÿ㶼ǴҴҴȥģһؿһҪúһ 
ǳ 
Ҷڶһָ͵͵ȥֳ˳⣬ĽݴӾȻҲڣΪ˾Ȼ£Ķŵ˵ôҲѪȵ¸ȤӺͳһ𵹲ϡ棬٣Ȼϲġ 
۹һһæ㵽˶һָ󣬸ϴʱĸоһĺ죬ȴ˵Ϊʲô 
ȴЦʵүôһȺϻԱ߻ֻСӣ 
ȻǸǿﶼУԲŻȤ 
˵Ҳǣүܵ 
ҲУͻȻҵĳ嶯ֱȴҽ졣 
ŶҪ˵Ӳʶңϵó˭Ҳδػȣ侮ʯҲ˵ 
ֻôȤôٵĽݶ˾˵εﶼѾðװ֣͵ˣѹĥ׼š 
ӳɵӻǱ߶ý֮»ǲҪ̫úãΪԵ´ǾͲýˡ 
ʲôЩֻǻѣʲô⣿һأҪǵҲˡ 
үԡ 
Ӳһ仰ó죬غһת˳ȥǵ뿪ʱ 
үˣԵӲǺ졣 
һָһ仰ֿʼֵĴæס䣬Ĳ 
ҲãҲãھӳȥʧôãһĲˡ 
һָû˵֮¾Ͷڵڶ죬ûãصͶ˴̴̷ʢĲȣŴ̻ʵӣЩ࣬һָȴЦ˵԰ɣһˣҪԣʱܡ 
ô֪ 
ôʢķֻжǰүǲŻô 
Ȼһֱ뿪һ죬ɵʱҷŵĴ˶£ҴŷˣﲻϵظԼûϵһܳȥģһԣ 
극ãб򿪴ţǴ˳ȥеֽŶǱסģǵĲУŵ淢Ƶ졣 
Ǳ⣬ʶ۾ȴ±ʯӰסһˤ˳ȥ̾ǰ䴦һû𣿡 
ұӣΪҪæһӣ˭֪һ͵͵ڶ˵ܣĪͷ 
˭ڸ˵ 
תͷȥ뿴ȴӵסҵߣǸ˵粻֪˵˺δ 
ҵ 
ڰңֻҪĻȥҾһͿܳȥ 
ǱһƬյϣȥܾƽ̹ĲݵأԶִԴԣֲľ 
Χˣ˸Ͳ²Χڣһ޼ʵΧͷһߣԶһ˿Ʋʡ 
վһţűǰѴҵȡÿɾĿ۵Զһ㡣 
ﲢżƥǰ˵ǳˣǸӺŵӣһƮЩָɽ֮ơ 
֮гºʹӼһЩ֮⣬ĽԶȻҲڣȻں汻ס˰ӣҡǰʶģҾ֪ץһ 
кö½½˹ǱȦһţһٶˣҴһÿ˵϶¶Žżɫ 
ͻȻһ˸ŴȺзܳȥһûӦ죬һö˵ĺģɼ󾢲ֱֹǰɳһ׶Զ˵ڵأĵļ᲻סĲȴûϢ 
ķȥֻǸԳڿУ΢Цȴ֮ 
״ƴЦֹȻüǽһģԵٻһˣһǧͬΣ 
չ΢Ц鲻ˡ 
֣ұˣʲôģ 
ӷ״ñѺ˶ʱӷľ֣ͻȻɱһӰ٣һļݣη֮һľıȻײԡ 
ףôôµĵˣãǱúãС˵öԣ˲Ż᳤ꡣ 
ĿɨǣȵţǿԾܣֻҪܳΧ⣬ǾˣΧֻһͨ棬ܲܳȥͿǵˣҴڿʼһ֮ԾʽʼԣڣǾ;ܰɣ 
ųһȣǶʱһɢɱȥҼŸղ˸ҽĻ̫ķܳȥҺ峿Ū嶫λá 
ΧʼƽԭܹһЩľݴԱ֣Ҳ֪ΧжԶֻͷǰ壬һٸܿͻȥЩԵģôҲܵùǡ 
Լ˱ڵ죬ҼǾ侯棬һͷֻƴرܣͻȻԱһӰܹңȻǸ꣬ܵúÿ죬ϾͰ˦ 
УҲҪӿٶȣ 
룬ȴԽԽԶû취ҵʵ̫ˣ˭ָȶ̵ܵùȳˣ 
 
ƺӱƽǸ̫ţһ裬ȥԶͣסæǰĽ׺Ťˣվʱ۵Щס 
ʱŪ˽ŸɱʲôҲסʵô𣿡 
ǰ治ԶӲݹľ֣Ǳ׶أƥҲ׽ֻҪټܹȥʱȫˡ 
ţ꿴ҵ׹¶һСذһȭ۵׵˵ϣͷҲһȳһյǰֱȥ 
ԶͣûͷҲܸоǼɱѱԼ 
ԭʱסԵˣ͸սһݲðʴȵģ˼£Լ 
56 
ŬվֱתͷֻƥǰԶĵطңҡ 
£ܾѾ޴ˣҸղſļ֪ԼͶ㲻һ 
ΪʲôӣĻʣȴɱ 
ֻǶҲû 
ϻҲҲֺαضοڻ۵ҪҲܲ 
㵹Ǵ 
ͷһαʹһϣһܿġ 
˹֣㵹мɱ㣬ֻҲҾٸһλᣬܣ 
ôһ˵תܣղ㻺˿ҿʱƴǰȥ 
ǰݴӰǸ꣬ΪȽŲܵò죬ۿϾҪ׷ˣȻҵƾʧһû׷˺£׹ص죬һͬҵĽǰԵ˻ɲס˽š 
壡 
ֱ͵سԣסұܣôڵȥľӦң 
ҪΪʲô壿 
ⲻϵͷͻȻһ¡ 
ôܻ˾ң֪ұľֻ˵ˣҲֻ֪˭ 
ҪҪģǶߵһ 
ˣһعͷû׷ȥԵӦĵطʲôǲŶԣһ߱һ߻ҵؿǷбǣĽʱ壬Ҹܲ죬вҽԼķĽкҵҲŲ֪ҾʱҲҵ³ 
ң޾ͷΧͷ 
ܵóȥģνһֻ˷ܵĶˡ 
ִٵƽͻСһʹĽŲûֱڲݵϡ 
һ֧ҵȲԶԶǰĲݵϡ 
СȴһʹҲס˿ڶѪ˳ָ£ò࣬һֻǲˣȻ۵úܣش 
ʹתȴһźϤӴ˿ǰĳͷסҵǰء 
ݣ 
ɳ۰ֱɲҶͬʱһ֧Աбƽ󷢶ҵǼײƫһߡ 
ǰҪǶ˹ȥҵɹļڼͷһѪۣһʹ 
˲ɱȴĽԶҲŹ֧ҵһŵİɣ 
Եúܲˣʵģʲô 
磬ô̱ӻʲôģż׻ܶԶ 
Ҳ桭 
ҿû£ǲæɿ챼˲ݴԶϺͼͷ˶Ǻأܡ 
Ҿ֪ĽԶᰲʲôģԭè׽Ϸҿܽ˲ݴô졣 
ݴԺܣҸͷСǺѰݴԲԶһŴҵ֣Ҽû׷΢ͣ½봭˭֪һǺ˵Ѫӭ˳ȥֻһ˱شϣ˫ĿԲţŤñΣ˳ż᲻ӿѪҵͷ͵һΣŵȱܡ 
ͻȻǰҵĴܽ˳ҽУһŹٷĽ챻ˤҲԶĵϣһǰֶ嵶ҽе 
Ƕһָ 
˺׺ȻĽʿҼǰһָһ֣קϣǰ㱼ҿմ˵εεѪ֪ģǶֵġ 
һָһǰȥֻвԶΧˣӣ 
ԶУϽסľҼٵż׷һָ嵶ϵؼܡ 
ͻȻƥһ˻ǰڿնֹͣ˱ܣǰЦ·𣿡 
̧ͷڵǵǰ¡ 
Կʹ죬Ȼ׼ô׺ǲ׽ιǿ쵶ŵ˰ɣֻϧ󾢲㡭 
һָȻͻȻסҵֻ֣һůƺиԲԲĶġ 
סܳΧȥ³Ѷ 
һָڶߵĶҲһ㶡 
ȵȣȵȣ֣ô֪һӳȥ³˭Ůⶫʲô 
ӵ뵽Լ޷˵ 
ſ£ 
ŶһָһȣұſϣԷżҵı֮𣬱Ǹ͵һȻŨѪҵľ 
 
ֻںصȴһҾŵ̧ͷֻ嵶һָ£ӭǱط˳ȥĵƲڶһָ֮ϣѪĽһѵĴ졣 
Ҿֵؿ嵶һ˳ƻһָľͻȻսٿһöֱĵƣһָǿܹһȴ˻εȥ 
ҪҲ 
ﰧţͼץסһָϧƥȴֱܾǰȥͬʱ˲ƽΪ׵ӳֹĽһ˳ûһָԼϡ 
մ磡 
˲佻֮ʣ֪˶Է˭ 
ҵıģҲ죬մǹеĲҩң 
մôǲΪң 
մ磬մ磬 
ţȴҵԸֱǰȥ˫ֽס򷢿ɵĿԼմԽԽԶ 
ɱ57 
ۼ߾ƶҲƫΪ£ܿһŲ̫ߵΧǰһ󼤶Ͼܳȥˣ 
һƥȴ׷ϣЦ 
Ϊܳȥ𣿡 
Цһ˹Ǵӵ鼱֮¼æӣֻұ߼һʹ̲˴ǰȥ¿ȴŵñ˻УûǵΧ 
Ҫ 
ҴڿշɳԽΧ˳ɽ£оǲڼϵ˼֣ڼ֮ұ˳±ֱȥ 
ڲ׸ͲܵóΧΪΨһĳͱ¡ 
ιιȻСɣôɻҪ˵ 
ۼźɴת˲ǰҺ˵˹ȥ 
ٴʱӳб׹ڰе̫ҵůġ 
ǳˣӳǸΧ 
һϲ趯һֽţŷԼ˿һдеϣܵĲ֦ҹ˸ʵҾŰڿС 
̽ͷ¿ȥƺܽЩѣԥҪҪٷһΡ 
Ϊʲôڴϣ 
ÿεʱһڴϵģ߻кöҵˣҵƺôء 
֪˾һˣ˵һʱңͲͷˡ 
첲䱻֦ĵѪۣ󱳼δʹЩѵ촽ͻȻһָҵĶ 
ʱһָҺ°Ūʼնյýġ 
ȱ֦ס壬̯ 
һӴС裬һֱıѻһЩҿɫ裬ʼͷʹһָҪҰһ³ˣˣڸҪβȥ 
Ϊѵʱ򣬲ԶԼܼ٣ת۱˽ 
ϵǸһµӣбϣһ˿ǵ֮ɫü΢סԭض˺üȦϵѲܣƺѰʲô 
Ҳ֪ǺˣҲҴſϿԭǻһû뵽Ҳμԣڻû׶༪١ 
˵˵˵ģǾӦòǻ˰ɡ 
ֻһ֣ƺתҪߣԥæҡϣע⣬Ȼһȣ˵ķĿƵλϣһݣԾ֦ԣ̽סҵק 
еסҵֱ޹ǣܰҲ֮˱Ƕ⣬˲Ůװɣ 
ӣžգлл֮ɶԷڿҵ̱ɿ˱סҵֱۣصó󰡡 
һ仰ұӳĻϲʱȡ 
ұֳƣôٻժ¥ 
˼Ҵ㶵ӣϵ֮ԣɵĿ˵춼˵ǸưͰɣ 
Ҽҡͷƴǰư͵ģɰ˸˵ֻü浹ùĲĵˡ 
ҷҲεģǰ˵˵ı£Ҿ͸ 
仰ǰһڣȥ߻һֱصļҪңֳģ 
Ǹʵûˡ 
ʱ˵طԼڴϵģǸ˴˿һߵϲ֪ڿʲôӲȴõú£ǽ̳¯ȼŋܰ㣬ζϤһȻΪǶӵ鷿 
ˣ˯ôˣûô̰˯һǵһοεʱܴģǴ۽簡 
˿ۣڿĶʼԹ 
ǰС࣬ӫѩҶֿ̱ĻǺӦˣû˵ıԹԹ˻һӣԼ˿ڴѱãǼܴҲֻʹ˸õĶǺҩ 
ǡ 
ҵأǿǶһָƴҵĶôûˣ 
˼ҵشƣǷ֪ȥ򣬿ɶԷֻ޶ԵضҿôڿˣϷ 
裡ҵ裡 
ҲϱȻԼģָȳԲȦ״ϣܸ֪ͨұ̫̫ҷָͨȸһָҪѵö࣬û뵽˵Ȼôʹ࣬ҷģԺлٻժ¥˵ʲôҲҪѧд֣ 
˺ð죬˼赭дŶһǸɣôŸʲôǱǸҵĶ 
˵Żһָŷ϶ЩмԱ߻һһ߼дֵľſĶ 
죬˽Դɣ 
˵Ǹģѵ³ 
ô׵˺ǸɷĶһָҲһȥ 
ɵ۹⣬³õ˵ĻҲǿŶһָҵĶҲ÷¾ء 
˵˶һָ֣ǿûˣãһͷʹҪҵأû뵽ԶΧ³ֲżȻġ 
³ȴҵǰӦòưͺͳ˹ְɣ 
æҡͷ 
³ȻȻˣҲ뵽ˣĻ˳ôġ 
ҲǸողѹԼԻᱻ仰ιȥ 
ƻĶָʳ೷⣬ģɤҲˣֶһֶգԽԽŧѪģ಻ԣɤҲԽԽʹ󲻽޷ˮʳÿһʹѵֶֻ˵δСС;˭˶ֶζԸ㣬¶㣬͸ 
³˵úÿֲ˵ЩԹʵ˰ɣ 
֪ǲϰߵԵʣҾϵ͸Ҫȿʼö࣬ҲʹûҳԷҲһʹʧˣ⼸ʳõĲˣÿ춼׷λ³ǲӹҽƺֲ񡭡 
ɱ58 
ֵҳ˳Ƶ֢״⣬㿴ȥһ¶ûУҲŲҿ϶ǲĳªˣҪҪԷܲܳԣ 
ҪҪҪ 
˼ͷӳ֮ƷǾΥζȡ 
̻ʵĲų࣬³λٴס 
θúܺðѵɤһۣ 
ǵȻիĵĸҳԣҵθڻá 
ϧʲô˵ֻҡͷ 
д𣿡 
ҡͷ 
һָأ𣿡 
ҡͷ 
ûκλܱǰļȸ 
治ףһָôôҪĶֻ֪Եıûӳ׶༪˰ɡ 
ǵһҿմǾ˶һָģҵǺ³£ֻա 
³ȴ̾ʶֵĻҲ֤ƫƫֲʶ˸ˣţҪ飬ʲôҩκ೷⡣ 
κ 
׿ǰʳ³ָָԼ˳Ҳҵκá 
³һĿң漴˷пʼ⡣ 
СҴӦβʶһĴ˵ܾ㣬κ֮ҪӦ顣 
˫ЩƵ֪̾иĴմ磬³Ҳգ˵ʶմ磬ѵֵܣݣ 
ҿʼ˷״̬Ŀգ˾Ҽˣէһֻжʮģϸٿƺѳʮٿѽӽʮ 
ֵĸо 
ѳԱˣҷ¿ӣʼ˵³ͨ 
ʶ佻𣿩ֵܻ𣿩 
ظ˼³ŪˣϴУΪ佻ôƯôҸʲôϵûУֻʶѡ 
ҵһμһԼòȻúܺÿմҲ 
ҵ˼ûз棬ڵĵ³ȥժ¥βĻôԶǡ 
ʼʱΪ˼ӲƴӳģҪȥȴԥ 
¶ӼҺҲ³һֳ֮飬Ļٲ 
³ûע⵽ҵĲԾﰲס£˵һβȵȵĻ֮뿪ˡ 
³סµĵϣͷһͭ￴ԼģȻ֪Լ˳˹֣ڿһǴһ 
׵Բ̣Ƥ˽״۾һ죬촽ⷭţֻһۣͽͭӵ˵ϣĻĹͷһ 
֮Ҷ³ҵҩ˿ڷҩϸĲ˶ûʲôصǼδļˣ˿ڼҲϷǰҩĨĵǣ𲻾ǰÿҩ龰ĶôᣬϸָҲҺ 
ӣԺûٴ˰ɡ 
죬³ȻңҴһǰϽΣԼҲҵԱߣⶥεĵĻƺ֯ʶģ巻ֹѵҪȥժ¥ 
ȥ佻Ҳܰﵽ㣬Ҫɥˣ佻ⲻƻ೷ĶչȵͤҲһܽ⣬ûβ˵Ĳ 
չȣͤ 
Щֺ죬ƺ 
Ĭ֣ȴ³ֵмһ벻һָţҲ佻 
ҵ뵽ˣմΧ¾˶һָȻҲ԰Χġ 
һָȻţҸ֮ǸԼͲˣ佻βεú㣬㶼Ϊ£ˣôˡ 
ҵĵĲβεúõ⣬ҵĵժ¥˻ϳ˭Ͼסôá 
ժ¥ܿ͵ˣ˵ϤĵطҾЩ½ȥ³ȴһ׼õĶҴҵͷϵͺˣŻˡ 
³ͨãôֱ˽ȥҸ󣬿˼ʰͺĹ 
³ֱǰһ̱˽ֻ̾򲻵Ѱ˭ҴӦأҪþҴô˹һЦҵģΪʲôҪô 
һ򣬶ӹȻǲϲ˵ġ 
˵ӫѩ˽³Ц³ӣǼҹӴ˿ҩأλιҲѾˣҪҪȥһ£ 
ĿһתվһԵңϲСɣˣ 
ô£ҴŶҵģӫѩôῴ˭ 
ϸ룬ӫѩѿ첽ǰһѽҵĶʲ˭ 
ӫѩȻʧɫӺʧУҵԽ 
Ϊϳңڲϳ񿴹һңҲҪ˵ҸҪҲҡ 
붼룬ҽӫѩԱһƣǶұ˳ȥֻӫѩ󲻶ϽеС³ӣ㵽״ˣǲǽСɣ 
ˣܳȥ˵ 
ժ¥ĵ·Ϥˣôһ·˳ȥֱܳժ¥ԶҲ뵽ʵǲܵģӫѩղֻǴҵϲİɣֻҪҲϣû˻֪Сɡ 
ˣܶܳˣҲûãҰѶ´ϣʼĿĵǰţһֱߵʹ߲Ϊֹ 
ɱ59 
ǵĴϱ˸ֳƵСؤ 
ҸСлѧţǮ˼ҵſڶ֣ˣͻʩ뷹ͷңҾܵƾɵĳҹۼ˺öлӣڲ֪ҪҲŵȵģֳƵľֻܶſڣҪЩʳؤûȤ 
һ˼죬˴ִ꣬󣬾ĴŽǰϴ˸ɾſڿŴ귢Ҹֲŷ⻹㣬ʪİѽϣ͸ĵ䣬ϵҲʼʹֻܱӣŬʹԼůһ㣬Ҳ˯žͺˣ֪Ҳ֪ 
ͻȻһɱת˲㵽˳ڣͷµ˷ 
ӡ 
ǵĶѹúܵͣһǿǶ°ӣȻûзֶңֱӷɱ˽ȥ 
£㲻˵鵽С⸽𣿡 
ǰɳȥ˵ģиֲ˵ĺ⼸һֱڸ֡ 
ιҪҪѻ˵ֱӣ֪ԼֳƣҲ׵˵ɣ 
ҲСɣҪ֮ǰҵ 
ûӣӶң³ǸֳƵĺӾң 
⻰ʲ˼ΪʲҪȶ֮ǰҵң 
񣬿ȴҸе 
ֻǸؤʵûпһֳֵƵĺӣ˭֪ЩǮǵġ 
һͭص˽еиСưͣղŻأ´߲꣬Զ 
⻰ҲԥУûҾӵĺУȻЩԥ漴ܿ϶ؽеСɣСɣ 
Ҳǰܣֻƹ˲㵽ҵߡ 
Сɣ 
ӷԾҵǰҵĶұڵأУҿӾϲĿ⣬ǰסҵĸ첲СɣȻ㣡 
ҶˣΪʲÿ˻׾ٵذϳҡͷԼСɡ 
ȴɷ˵ߵԵһҶɽׯٲ߿ 
ҲŲҪȥ 
ѿ˼סʾԼԸȥ 
ԭϲЩȻҿЦСɣ㻹Թ𣿡 
ҡҡͷ 
ӦûаɣʼЩģûԹޣ 
ǡСɣһȥ˹ȥĲģǴͷ𣿡 
ֺ˫ڼ˫ҷ˼ 
ҽ䱸ıӱ㲵ϻһ˿˸УʵСɣ𣿡 
Щԥǵͷҡͷ£е°ɣӵ̫Ҳ׵Ķ 
ɫΪʲ 
⻹ΪʲҿɲٱһΡ 
Ҽᶨɫ΢΢һ䣬͵شֱֻǰŵöʱ˫ۡ 
ҪҪݶֻȥѣҪɱҡ 
ŶһĽк۾ֻУǸѴˤڵϢüһѪ̱㱻øɸɾ䣬סҵĺ󷽡 
˭ 
һعͷȥһĺУϵĳбڵأһľľ˰Ұס 
˰ɣ 
ŵ㵽ӵȴֱ΢һѪ˳们 
ҵĸ 
˭˲Ӳɱӵġ 
ǻȪɣݲģʵ 
Ȼϳҡ 
ʮ£ɱϲɫߣԸ¾ֻǻȪս 
Էޱ顣Ҳ˵һ֮ľֻ˰ɡ 
ƽˮʵ˭ 
ǲҪ֪𰸵ģ 
սк뻰һ߰˹Ӱͬʱһһţһ绮ӵֱȥ˼סţæǰס 
Сɣܣ 
ϵ»ǰѪýŵأȵߣ 
ߣ 
ҡͷסӣ۾ЩҾŵؿսԽԽֱָ̧ǡ 
ǱɱХȫһȻһľȻסҵĿȴϤ 
Ҽǵˣ 
ûг룬Ϊսѽɺ磬ֱüġ 
ͻȻӰһƺһ 
Ҫ 
͵سǰսҪɱĶңҲΪ 
60 
Сɣ 
ӾŵĽͬʱҼһͱ˾סͷⶪ˳ȥղסţˤͷֱˤͷǡ 
ʹ 
ſڵϰû 
ûиҪҲñȽַ𣿲ˤңҵļҼϵʹء 
Уһߵİ˳Ӻս֮䣬һսˣѸǣһǳɣѸܵԷ䣵ɱսԵþɲ 
ɱ⣡ 
ɱ⣿Ǹ˵ͽߵɱ֣ 
߽ɱڵʵʵЩؿ棬͵һϤ 
սһŵľѹƽǺˣðɱ⣿ 
ɱⲻȴͷƫӣȵ뿪 
һ䣬ĳٿֱսһʯ䣬ս˼ʧɱ⣡ 
ɱԵ治ȪսҲˡ 
ֲһҳûסǰ 
ɫ԰ףսһؿ紦ƺֹһһֱָסǰʹѽ 
Сɣ 
ֽǰǣס֣ȴ֪ߡ 
ӴȡұȥҲҶֻ˫ֽס 
ʼʱӻȣıܣӽҡ˿ҵĺ󱳣ﾪţæ֣С 
죬˭Ⱦңֻһľ飬ǴαεҪ㣬ôŲҲ 
ק֣Ȼٶȸŷӵȴһᵹȥ 
Ҫ 
鼱֮æȥקӵ֣ʧȥƽ⣬Ҳϵǰ̱һǣǵùǼͷ˿ھûϹ 
˲ˤʹĶͷæߣסӣץסҡ 
ֽĳҡҡͷСɣû¡ȿȡ 
һѪ˿˳£æȥһȴڴ˿ƥܾ֮£˻ǰɱȥת۱û֮Уȴް취 
ҿܣ·иЪŵСͤæӷ𣬵ײײ߽ͤӡ 
սû׷ղſɱĶȻ֪ǸɱΪʲôҪǣסսʱǰȫġ 
ֻûǸôسǣ 
ӿͤһߵڵأɫȷŸѿƺֻǿסԼ˿Сɣңȥժ¥Ҷ硣 
ҡͷ 
Ϊ˳ôԶܣ 
Ҽ̬۾һĿתʵСɣû£Ըһȥ𣿡 
Ҵδᣬҵһ֪ǸˣԶģҲʱҾǱǷİɣϲȴǶ͵Ŀ΢Ц 
Ҳ֪õͷҡͷֲӵģֻÿͲ˵šӣûµģûµġ 
¸ɡ 
ҡ 
ΪʲôǰҪɱңңҪǰԥţȴͻȻץסҵ䣬ʵСɣ㲻һȥǲΪϲ 
õõá 
һԶٴսͬæסӵͷסӣȴ˳Ŵֱǰȥ˽еӡ 
ӫѩڽйӣѵǶӣ 
ɱСͤȴƥѳǰȥۿԽԽԶҼֱţȴκηסǡ 
ȥǱսɱ̵ĵطȥΣյġ 
ӣӡ 
ӡ 
һֱŽĵĽкȻѿڶ 
ҿ˵ˣ 
ϲƴ 
ӣӣӡ 
ںܾò˵ҵЩ˻ƣҴкúʹҲ˲ˣֻ˻ߵشš 
ǰ汼۵Ŀ˻д͵ͣҿһ˲ͷҷɱ˹ 
ӣ 
ԼĳӣþòЦգ˷ܵĲϻ֣Ȼһ˲䣬ҾͱǸϤůĻ 
СɣС㾿ȥ 
61 
βסԹԺϲһʱ侹Լܿ˵ֻǲָͤڣʾȥˡ 
ŷմӫѩͤͤЩʶӣʧ 
մǰסӣִסüӵˣ˭ܽ˳ˣ 
ǻȪսǸղű׷ɱΪ˾Ҳ˵ģսڱɱסˣҪǸӲ 
þû˵ЩӦλ˵ýͰ͵ġ 
ɫһ䣬佻ظ 
һûӦͱ𣬱ϣŷӺ潫ҽ§ס°ҺͶӹһ𣬸ܵȵºͳȵͻȻ 
ҵһڰĵĸоҺѿӵ§һֳĲ˵ܳҲѶӸɾŪ࣬úýͺһ֣Ҿͻʧһ 
մ罫ӷϣǺһ·ת۱صժ¥ 
ظӱ˲ȥմҩң򱻶ǣסִһԡ 
׼ڵˮԡ裬ԡ裬˸ȫϴȻİůůﲻʪȵǰƲϣҿʼ˯һжôͻȻĸо 
һ죬εǣ˻û뵽ǶӣæˮǱǱ 
ˮ˺ܾãǲǶӵȵĲͷˣ 
ŻϴһԣǸӵ񶢵Һþæӣ·ͺˡ 
˿ûߵ˼ֻȿ˿ڣܲǰ°ɣҲһֱԼų˹ֵ 
ɣˮˡ 
 
ӵһ仰̰£Ǻȥҳôȥ 
һ﷢㶣ӱ·һңȻֱǰҴˮﱧ˳ùëá 
ӣԼˡ 
æëʼҲã뵽ӱӿ˸⣬ҵϱ㿪ʼһա 
ӴӻȡҩҼδļϣָҵļҸеһˤײģѾʼϵļЩѿôõˮ裬˿ڴһһۣͿҩ࣬Ҿ˺öࡣ 
˿ںҿʱҩҪȫϻûЩʱաҩԡɣ˿ڻõÿЩСɣϻкöˣǲǺۣ 
ۣܾˣˡ 
ӵĶôᣬôأǰʱҲҷҩģû뵽գɻΪ£뵽ұһᣬ 
ȴصСɣܿˡ 
һֱͷҿӵ飬ֱҸеӴ˿ƽεŭ֪㡣 
Ҳ̧ͷӣæù·Ҵϣ޵Ļңֲģǰ½ôϵá 
ҵʧ룬ӷһЦСɡ 
ҵÿҽ½һϵã˵ѾˣղŸҽľСɣǸɵӣǵ˭ðˣΪʲôԸΪҪ 
ŶӰԹĻȴ֪λش 
ΪҲ˵ģôΣͷƲأ鶼ȥôˣ˵ڲǻúõĻ 
ֻ̾˿ʵСɣҪȥ 
ŶԭӰ⻰Ҳ˵ˣҿʼΪֻ˵˵ѣû뵽ġһҵȻիĵģС꣬մǣҪжӡ 
ǣ֪ǲϲ˵ģѾôٺƤ£һᡭ 
ӻҾûӶһۣʵҺúÿģҲҡ 
ôѡ𣿡 
ѡҡ 
Сɣ˰ɣӫѩ׼˷ˣȥԷɡ 
ѾһûԶˣ۷Ź⣬ҪҲٺͶӴεĵطæҴҽ´ã첽˳ȥֻ޿κεصһԾʲôˣǸء 
ӫѩóԣ 
ҽһҲȻضӫѩ˵ 
ǸСȴƳһۣصǶ˶ƶôⰮԵëǸĲˣ 
仰ˮһͷǰѱ˳˹֣ҲǰǸɰģӫѩʼң˵ˡ 
ˣҸղ̫ң˰ƽӣúģҪôἸѲֻҪӰߣһƽƽҵøϿƽȥС 
Ҹճ극ͱմȥչ˵ӣΪ˵һҪҹȥſϺҩҲֻǺҩѣΪʲôһҪڳУ 
ҩϤҩ㣬Ӿڴϣƣ룬¶һ˿΢Цͷʾҹȥ 
ߵͷû뵽ȴֽҵסߣһ죬ֳȴЩ̣ϾΪҲܵˣҲӣôɨӣû취Ҿֻ˴ߡ 
ʵҾĽĺΣΪӺմǶڣǣֱǿ֪ǻôҡ 
͵ۿӣɫƽһߣƺûעң֪ģһʧоôӿ 
ӿұѾٰҷ 
մһ˵ǰһ˿ںҿûҪֻһСҪӣȪսȻ鴫ɱΪʲôͻȻ֣־ˣ 
һɱ⣬˷æҲ֪ɰɣӽĺ˧ǸҲƯ 
˵ʲôԭҶǸĪĺøУȻҲŶɱ˺øС 
佻ǳȥɣܺúϢһԴҪ˵Ļ 
оеĲãȻ̧ͷȴͷҲص˳ȥմæǰٳʱֻͷ˵һ䡣úչӡ 
ҵͷʵҺŶһߵģղŵҺܲҵֱ߬ӵ޷뿪 
ɱ62 
˫˫˸תţĽ²а̾˿ 
𼸸ǰʶ֮ʱƺûʲ仯еɵе㽿ЩСִʱԼˮѾ˾ͽģĽ֪˻֮֮Ҳܻصǰ 
ӵв˱Ľһ磬Ѫ۵͵ԺϢʱѾˣΪӣһƽĴ£һжȴΨ©һԽСɴĨȥȴ޷Ĩȥйǵл䡣 
мǵĽԶǰ˼˾˵ֻЩԹʵû뵽Է飬㻹塣 
ԭԼ壬ĽԶʱǺСС뵽 
ǸӰԼҪĶޱȫ͸Զǵ˫ֿ۾˵õҶ㡣 
ԭӵеһһжһ 
ϧʵʱ˷ǡ 
֪СɻʱĽ¾סϲ뽫ӽӻһ¿ʼȴֲȥѶǾӣȥȡʱȴСɳĽݶ̳ҥԣ֪οԼĶҪˡ 
ֻȥɢɢģû뵽ڼⷢСɣ֪Ѳǰ滶ϲط˹ɵ˫ε۾ﲻֻĽʱĻֹסݺݵسʹ֪˺Сɣǵ˺۽ƽ 
֪СʧٺҲԸȥĴѰңһҪڶ֮ǰҵӣץҲţΪˣСɵĸǳ谮Ǽ򵥣ŪˣڶתһȦǻǻصժ¥ 
ǲ̫֣춼 
СɣԲ𡭡 
쿪ʼҾʽ˷ӵСͯӵҪģ˵ĵȻ޻˵ 
մ˵ǰеƽأժ¥죬Ҳøӵ״̬ʱҩչԼ˵ͬʱҪӣæת˵ط˯ˣǸӼһ涼ѣҲٹ̽ʹҲҴǻ͵ҲһҲǲΪұ˵Եʡ 
磬ȥȡ˸Ӽõҩҩչȣ˽еСɣ 
Ƕӵæת 
ӿ첽˹һϮ¹Խ׵һ㣬Ҷ˫Ц۾ɵһ졣 
Ӷûи˵˵Цˣ˯˯á 
ӡ 
Сɣչ˺۰ɣԼ˻ûȫأҪҪ滻㣿 
òãҺܺá¶ӵģæҡҡͷҩԡҲи˿ڻҩҵ˲µġ 
ЦЦ쵽ǰƽСꡣ 
Сꣿ 
ǰСɶûС꣬ǲǰˣ 
ûء 
죬ҲǸûȥ 
СɣҪҶɽׯˣأ 
ʲ 
̧ͷֵؿӣ˼ 
ָ£ϣһȥ 
 
ֲý̽ӵʱӰ֧˳ȥԭ̸ҵ¡ 
ҪҪڶߣ 
仰ѿڶȴ˻ȥ⸱ģЩĻС˵һжӵİš 
ҪҾҪҾߣҲĵ¡ 
öûӵĻشǰȴһůӰСҵĻȥܰɡ 
ӡ 
ǻеĲ죬Ҿ㵵̧ͷȴת뿪ˡ 
ǲ˵˻ 
֪Լܱ˵˵˿ԾΪʲתߣĻᶼң 
ûɵػصӵķ䣬ҩ£ȻԼһԴ㶡 
Сɣǲʲ²ģ 
æҡͷ 
մҽúܸӵľ֮ǰ࣬󲿷ʱԵģӲǸ໰ˣҲǰǰ޹˼ɵˣԷǺܾҾúܲ 
ӿڴͷעңұЩȻӣڿҸ㵹ɡ 
ҲʣСɣ 
ߵǰȻ־ͱȥ˵Сɣǰ¸𣿡 
ʵûӦ׳ڵھǧſڣȴʼսв 
ֻ̾˿ҪǿˣʵʲһСУҲ¸ˡ 
ӡ 
Ӳӻͳһݵǰ׹СɵģСûȥɡ 
˿׹ҵǰڶҵһǵõʱҲ鲻ãóҿĵģѾС꣬ҡҡͷ 
ӿЦҪ𡭡СɣϾǹҵġ 
ǲǣ룬æСó˵ΪСˣ㿴СĶϻҵأ˵Ͳ˵͵ˡ 
ҿ˼ĶСþãȻĿңϸһ㵭į 
һüأռǵսĽŵʱǰֵȴСɵЦԭǵͷ֪ʲҪģСɣΪҵ˽ȥǲǣ 
Դ 
ǰģӵԵӰӰ´¡ 
ǰģıԶôɢ˸˵ĹʣڣôƽͰˣҲؿʼʹ 
¸磬ûй㣬ûУ 
¸硭Ҳ̲סʹ˳ 
Сɣһȥ𣿡 
ҡ 
˵һĻشӵľֹס 
ҲӣʹôԩңһǺݲҲ𣿻ҸͲ 
һŵﲻϻţһ뵽ӦӣܾҲЦʱҾԥ 
סҵֻ˿ 
ˣСɡ 
һ죬ǿ׹ѱ÷顣 
¸硭ҳԾĽ 
ӽƵ𴦣ٿң׹СɵģСɼȻҪҲûµıҪ 
ǡ 
ҼǵĽԶ˵ӵĸǰôܾأ 
ʲôҪ˵СɣԱһɡ 
˵۾ٿңƽϲƺʲô¶ûӺƽҲ֪ǲ˯ˣһ仰Ҳ˵ôһ 
ʱ֣Ӻմһ̽ӣҼɫѿﲻЩ£ûпңֻѯһӵĲ飬Ȼӫѩѷ˶ȴҷ÷ 
˵ʵǸְܲСˣԴӽĽݸǰ˼ӣź÷Ҳãڱ˫۾ţҵ־͸кüζ֭ӵϣӫѩ־ӵǰæù־ҵزŪĵطȴץסҡҡͷʾ򶨡 
ҵѾǺôˣ̶գһֱյӸ˲õһ뿴˭ȴû̧ͷ 
ŴͷٯٯԣΧȫΪĽݾŭԽԽңҲ޷͵סһת̤˳ȥ 
ŭͲʴ˿̳ӯţĽݾضһ֮С 
֪ܵ޴󰭣˵̽˵ŲǸС 
Сʧٵһ֪ôģΪСɣϵİˣ֪СɱڳΧԥľȥˣǲ֪ĺɵʱʵǹ˲ˡ 
ǸСɣѾժ¥ȴܵ³Ļ̾СɣɳеǵȥֱǸ죬иСС˻ڽУӣӣĶʱ 
СɣҵСˡ 
ǺӲûһضԼϵ˻ûкȫͿʼ߲ϢչܣѵС˵ܱԼҪ 
ΪĹģԴǿССģһжԶҪʹô˺СɣСɿҲȻûһ⡣ 
ǰ𣿰㱻ƭ㱻ȴԹ޻ڡ 
С⼸ҹܴͷںȫܣȥ⣬ҪԼĽݾ;ԼһиɵûʲôĻµˣû֪ȴŲϷ֣Լޱȡ 
СǰЩٶֻһɣˮץסľһɾǸùĸľȻʱеֵֻҪд󴬾ͻᱻԥ 
ǿЦôСɣںչȥһ˺õʲôô࣬ǿССĿΪ֣ͣ 
ΪʲôҪôɵĽݾݵλֻҪ֣ʲôŮ˲ȡαΪһСǸʲôطֵԼΪô 
佻첽׷Ľݾƺûע⵽ɫԾЦСɻǿɰҿǺСҲ붺 
Ľݾ͵ͣ½Ų佻һʱղסţײϣЦǸʲô 
ûЦգһƷĻ 
佻һʱŴ졣˵ʲôһƷĻڵҲҪŶӵȵ¸¡ 
ȥҰãͱھˣĽݾһ仰Ȼת˿ȥ 
佻Ŵûϣεҡҡͷ 
Դ׵˹Ȼ 
Թַӷҩ˯ȥұ㽫ǽסҵָһûзӦվŽ˳ȥ 
ظѾôˣôҲҪƽӣȻڴϺú˯һ⼸һֱڷӣ˯ãҲú۰ 
͵ӳȥССӰĽ̲סЦһôῴ綢סʱһĲúԹôῴСɲ뽹С˶ȴͷ˰ɡ 
ʵϲǶǸ 
֪Сȫʹÿƽ£סģҲҪסˣǡһ죬˶סأ 
ǸӿȥܵȴǿԺʱȴ쳣ĴܵС󣬹ؼʱȴž˵ĵ 
Ľ·˽Сɣ˻ģûס 
ԭЩЩ˾Ǵˡ 
ҰѴ鷿䳡ңͨͨһ飬ɾûӵӰ 
ӳȥûɰڵ 
һ˺üȦ۵µΧϣڵشϢ 
Сɣ 
ӫѩӳȶ߹ڸĵ¿ȥЩ 
ӫѩ֪þá 
ҹʲôǱ߲չ𣿡 
ӫѩĿЩ죬ҽǹ 
ӫѩӫѩˣӵҼæǰסӫѩš 
һа԰飬ȻӫѩһָԺϣΧǽǼ᷿ 
ллӫѩ 
